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2024
Journal article
Open Access
Saving temporary exhibitions in virtual environments: The Digital Renaissance of Ulisse Aldrovandi - Acquisition and digitisation of cultural heritage objects
Balzani R., Barzaghi S., Bitelli G., Bonifazi F., Bordignon A., Cipriani L., Colitti S., Collina F., Daquino M., Fabbri F., Fanini B., Fantini F., Ferdani D., Fiorini G., Formia E., Forte A., Giacomini F., Alena Girelli V., Gualandi B., Heibi I., Iannucci A., Manganelli Del Fà R., Massari A., Moretti A., Peroni S., Pescarin S., Renda G., Ronchi D., Sullini M., Tini M. A., Tomasi F., Travaglini L., Vittuari L.
As per the objectives of Project CHANGES, particularly its thematic sub-project on the use of virtual technologies for museums and art collections, our goal was to obtain a digital twin of the temporary exhibition on Ulisse Aldrovandi called "The Other Renaissance", and make it accessible to users online. After a preliminary study of the exhibition, focusing on acquisition constraints and related solutions, we proceeded with the digital twin creation by acquiring, processing, modelling, optimising, exporting, and metadating the exhibition. We made hybrid use of two acquisition techniques to create new digital cultural heritage objects and environments, and we used open technologies, formats, and protocols to make available the final digital product. Here, we describe the process of collecting and curating bibliographical exhibition (meta) data and the beginning of the digital twin creation to foster its findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. The creation of the digital twin is currently ongoing.Source: Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 32 (2024): 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00309
DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00309
Metrics:
Balzani R., Barzaghi S., Bitelli G., Bonifazi F., Bordignon A., Cipriani L., Colitti S., Collina F., Daquino M., Fabbri F., Fanini B., Fantini F., Ferdani D., Fiorini G., Formia E., Forte A., Giacomini F., Alena Girelli V., Gualandi B., Heibi I., Iannucci A., Manganelli Del Fà R., Massari A., Moretti A., Peroni S., Pescarin S., Renda G., Ronchi D., Sullini M., Tini M. A., Tomasi F., Travaglini L., Vittuari L.
As per the objectives of Project CHANGES, particularly its thematic sub-project on the use of virtual technologies for museums and art collections, our goal was to obtain a digital twin of the temporary exhibition on Ulisse Aldrovandi called "The Other Renaissance", and make it accessible to users online. After a preliminary study of the exhibition, focusing on acquisition constraints and related solutions, we proceeded with the digital twin creation by acquiring, processing, modelling, optimising, exporting, and metadating the exhibition. We made hybrid use of two acquisition techniques to create new digital cultural heritage objects and environments, and we used open technologies, formats, and protocols to make available the final digital product. Here, we describe the process of collecting and curating bibliographical exhibition (meta) data and the beginning of the digital twin creation to foster its findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. The creation of the digital twin is currently ongoing.Source: Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 32 (2024): 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00309
DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2023.e00309
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ISPC Repository 
| CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Cultural processes and circulation of prestige goods in pre-Roman Apulia. The influences of Orientalizing and the relations with Greeks and Etruscans
Montanaro A. C.
The latest studies about the customs of the Italic aristocracies in Apulia have added relevant data concerning the Orientalizing period and the phenomenon of birth of the aristocracies between the 8th and 7th century BC. If we focus our attention on Daunian territory, it is very indicative the link that connects these aristocracies to those of the Tyrrhenian area, active since the 9th century BC. Testimonies of such relationships are the prestige goods coming from Etruria and Campania, especially personal ornaments and bronze vases, flaunted in the funerary assemblages of extraordinary burials, some of which they add, to the preciousness of the material, the sophistication of the workmanship and the rare and exotic characterSource: Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World, pp. 243–265, BONN, 22-26/05/2018
DOI: 10.11588/propylaeum.927.c12242
Metrics:
Montanaro A. C.
The latest studies about the customs of the Italic aristocracies in Apulia have added relevant data concerning the Orientalizing period and the phenomenon of birth of the aristocracies between the 8th and 7th century BC. If we focus our attention on Daunian territory, it is very indicative the link that connects these aristocracies to those of the Tyrrhenian area, active since the 9th century BC. Testimonies of such relationships are the prestige goods coming from Etruria and Campania, especially personal ornaments and bronze vases, flaunted in the funerary assemblages of extraordinary burials, some of which they add, to the preciousness of the material, the sophistication of the workmanship and the rare and exotic characterSource: Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World, pp. 243–265, BONN, 22-26/05/2018
DOI: 10.11588/propylaeum.927.c12242
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ISPC Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Biosensing Applications: The Effect of the Thermal Treatments on Electrochemical and Optical Properties
Ghezzi F., Donnini R., Sansonetti A., Giovanella U., La Ferla B., Vercelli B.
The knowledge of the ways in which post-synthesis treatments may influence the properties of carbon quantum dots (CDs) is of paramount importance for their employment in biosensors. It enables the definition of the mechanism of sensing, which is essential for the application of the suited design strategy of the device. In the present work, we studied the ways in which post-synthesis thermal treatments influence the optical and electrochemical properties of Nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs). Blue-emitting, N-CDs for application in biosensors were synthesized through the hydrothermal route, starting from citric acid and urea as bio-synthesizable and low-cost precursors. The CDs samples were thermally post-treated and then characterized through a combination of spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical techniques. We observed that the post-synthesis thermal treatments show an oxidative effect on CDs graphitic N-atoms. They cause their partially oxidation with the formation of mixed valence state systems, [CDs]0+, which could be further oxidized into the graphitic N-oxide forms. We also observed that thermal treatments cause the decomposition of the CDs external ammonium ions into ammonia and protons, which protonate their pyridinic N-atoms. Photoluminescence (PL) emission is quenched.Source: Molecules (Basel, Online) 28 (2023): 72 -1–72 -12. doi:10.3390/molecules28010072
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010072
Metrics:
Ghezzi F., Donnini R., Sansonetti A., Giovanella U., La Ferla B., Vercelli B.
The knowledge of the ways in which post-synthesis treatments may influence the properties of carbon quantum dots (CDs) is of paramount importance for their employment in biosensors. It enables the definition of the mechanism of sensing, which is essential for the application of the suited design strategy of the device. In the present work, we studied the ways in which post-synthesis thermal treatments influence the optical and electrochemical properties of Nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs). Blue-emitting, N-CDs for application in biosensors were synthesized through the hydrothermal route, starting from citric acid and urea as bio-synthesizable and low-cost precursors. The CDs samples were thermally post-treated and then characterized through a combination of spectroscopic, structural, and electrochemical techniques. We observed that the post-synthesis thermal treatments show an oxidative effect on CDs graphitic N-atoms. They cause their partially oxidation with the formation of mixed valence state systems, [CDs]0+, which could be further oxidized into the graphitic N-oxide forms. We also observed that thermal treatments cause the decomposition of the CDs external ammonium ions into ammonia and protons, which protonate their pyridinic N-atoms. Photoluminescence (PL) emission is quenched.Source: Molecules (Basel, Online) 28 (2023): 72 -1–72 -12. doi:10.3390/molecules28010072
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010072
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www.mdpi.com | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Integrated Close Range Remote Sensing Techniques for Detecting, Documenting, and Interpreting Lost Medieval Settlements under Canopy: The Case of Altanum (RC, Italy)
Abate N., Ronchi D., Vitale V., Masini N., Angelini A., Giuri F., Minervino Amodio A., Gennaro A. M., Ferdani D.
This paper focuses on the potential of an integrated approach using aerial LiDAR, aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning, and archaeological survey to detect the presence and configuration of lost medieval settlements under canopy. This approach was applied to the site of Altanum (Calabria, Italy), on the hill of Sant'Eusebio, completely covered by vegetation. Altanum was a large fortified settlement characterised by a long occupation, especially during the Byzantine and Norman-Swabian periods. The activity began by carrying out a LiDAR survey of the whole hill. The acquired LiDAR data were processed and filtered in order to obtain a DFM (Digital Feature Model) useful for the identification of features of archaeological interest. Several enhancement techniques were performed on DFM to increase the visibility of archaeological features. The features thus identified were subsequently surveyed through the use of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry integrated with laser scanning to document the visible buildings. The most significant result of the study was to create a single GIS platform with the integration of all data in order to delineate the whole settlement layout, as well as to produce 2D and 3D datasets useful for the knowledge and protection of the identified remains.Source: Land (Basel) 12 (2023): 1–25. doi:10.3390/land12020310
DOI: 10.3390/land12020310
Metrics:
Abate N., Ronchi D., Vitale V., Masini N., Angelini A., Giuri F., Minervino Amodio A., Gennaro A. M., Ferdani D.
This paper focuses on the potential of an integrated approach using aerial LiDAR, aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning, and archaeological survey to detect the presence and configuration of lost medieval settlements under canopy. This approach was applied to the site of Altanum (Calabria, Italy), on the hill of Sant'Eusebio, completely covered by vegetation. Altanum was a large fortified settlement characterised by a long occupation, especially during the Byzantine and Norman-Swabian periods. The activity began by carrying out a LiDAR survey of the whole hill. The acquired LiDAR data were processed and filtered in order to obtain a DFM (Digital Feature Model) useful for the identification of features of archaeological interest. Several enhancement techniques were performed on DFM to increase the visibility of archaeological features. The features thus identified were subsequently surveyed through the use of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry integrated with laser scanning to document the visible buildings. The most significant result of the study was to create a single GIS platform with the integration of all data in order to delineate the whole settlement layout, as well as to produce 2D and 3D datasets useful for the knowledge and protection of the identified remains.Source: Land (Basel) 12 (2023): 1–25. doi:10.3390/land12020310
DOI: 10.3390/land12020310
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ISPC Repository | www.mdpi.com | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Non-Invasive SWIR Monitoring of White Marble Surface of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence, Italy)
Vettori S., Romoli D., Salvatici T., Rimondi V., Pecchioni E., Moretti S., Benvenuti M. [, ], Costagliola P., Manganelli Del Fà R., Coppola M., Agostini B., Di Benedetto F.
The monitoring of stone alteration represents a key factor in the knowledge and prediction of the status of conservation of building stones in the urban framework. A continuous monitoring requires a non-destructive analytical approach and, possibly, a simple, low-cost and effective tool to study the decay processes. Previous studies demonstrated the capability of the SWIR hyperspectral technique to gain information on the degree of sulfation of carbonate stone surfaces. In this study we aim at setting up a protocol to investigate on-site the sulfation degree of the white marble cladding surfaces of the worldwide-famous Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral in Florence (Italy). The proposed protocol couples information by SWIR hyperspectral and colorimetric techniques. We have proved that, in selected areas investigated at a distance of nine years, the colour and the mineralogical changes (i.e., sulfation) are significantly greater than the relative uncertainties of the two methods. Moreover, the proposed protocol results rapid, repeatable and fully not invasive.Source: Sustainability (Basel) 15 (2023). doi:10.3390/su15021421
DOI: 10.3390/su15021421
Metrics:
Vettori S., Romoli D., Salvatici T., Rimondi V., Pecchioni E., Moretti S., Benvenuti M. [, ], Costagliola P., Manganelli Del Fà R., Coppola M., Agostini B., Di Benedetto F.
The monitoring of stone alteration represents a key factor in the knowledge and prediction of the status of conservation of building stones in the urban framework. A continuous monitoring requires a non-destructive analytical approach and, possibly, a simple, low-cost and effective tool to study the decay processes. Previous studies demonstrated the capability of the SWIR hyperspectral technique to gain information on the degree of sulfation of carbonate stone surfaces. In this study we aim at setting up a protocol to investigate on-site the sulfation degree of the white marble cladding surfaces of the worldwide-famous Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral in Florence (Italy). The proposed protocol couples information by SWIR hyperspectral and colorimetric techniques. We have proved that, in selected areas investigated at a distance of nine years, the colour and the mineralogical changes (i.e., sulfation) are significantly greater than the relative uncertainties of the two methods. Moreover, the proposed protocol results rapid, repeatable and fully not invasive.Source: Sustainability (Basel) 15 (2023). doi:10.3390/su15021421
DOI: 10.3390/su15021421
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Sustainability | www.mdpi.com 
| CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Archaeobotanical Evidence of Funerary Plant Offerings at the Southern Etrurian Necropolis of "Valle Santa nell'Agro Veientano" (Rome, Italy),
Moricca C., De Cristofaro A., Ambrosini L.
The present study concerns the archaeobotanical analysis of soil samples and vase fillings from Etruscan tombs from the Necropolis of "Valle Santa nell'Agro Veientano", found along via di Boccea, north of Rome (Italy). While the site was in use between the Archaic and Late Roman Age, the studied vestibule tombs belong to the Etruscan necropolis (second half of the 6th - beginning of the 4th centuries BC). Archaeological data, based on the incineration rite and funerary equipment, suggest that these were used by one high-status family (or two) originally from Veio. Carpological analyses reveal the presence of food plants comprised of cereals, pulses and fruits. Furthermore, anthracological data give indications concerning the past environment, with a prevalence of deciduous and semi-deciduous oaks, accompanied by other taxa such as evergreen oaks, hornbeam, ash and Rosaceae Prunoideae. This is in accordance with the present-day vegetation of northern Latium. Finally, remains of synanthropic weeds (e.g., Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae and Polygonaceae) suggest a heavily anthropized environment. This study represents a step forward in the understanding of the still under-explored human-plant interactions of Etruscans.Source: Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica XIV (2023).
Moricca C., De Cristofaro A., Ambrosini L.
The present study concerns the archaeobotanical analysis of soil samples and vase fillings from Etruscan tombs from the Necropolis of "Valle Santa nell'Agro Veientano", found along via di Boccea, north of Rome (Italy). While the site was in use between the Archaic and Late Roman Age, the studied vestibule tombs belong to the Etruscan necropolis (second half of the 6th - beginning of the 4th centuries BC). Archaeological data, based on the incineration rite and funerary equipment, suggest that these were used by one high-status family (or two) originally from Veio. Carpological analyses reveal the presence of food plants comprised of cereals, pulses and fruits. Furthermore, anthracological data give indications concerning the past environment, with a prevalence of deciduous and semi-deciduous oaks, accompanied by other taxa such as evergreen oaks, hornbeam, ash and Rosaceae Prunoideae. This is in accordance with the present-day vegetation of northern Latium. Finally, remains of synanthropic weeds (e.g., Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae and Polygonaceae) suggest a heavily anthropized environment. This study represents a step forward in the understanding of the still under-explored human-plant interactions of Etruscans.Source: Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica XIV (2023).
See at:
iansa.eu | ISPC Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Preliminary results from remote sensing surveying at the Abbattija tad-Dejr Catacombs (Rabat, Malta)
Tanasi D., Cardona D., Hassam S., Kingsland K., Trapani P., Calderone D., De Giorgi L., Leucci G.
Multidisciplinary remote sensing surveying techniques were employed at the site of Abbatija tad- Dejr Catacombs in Rabat (Malta) as part of a collaborative research project of University of South Florida's Institute for Digital Exploration (IDEx) and Heritage Malta aimed to map the complex for interpretation and conservation purposes and to assess the eventual presence of further hypogea in the areas surrounding the site. In this study, terrestrial laser scanning and hand-held digital photogrammetry were employed to map the entire complex in 3D and digitize specific architectural and artistic features found in the Catacomb I, in particular. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used to verify the presence of hypogeal structures and tombs and the preliminary results have showed how the prospection has identified anomalies of possible relevant archaeological interest.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 262–267, Cosenza, 19/10/2022-21/10/2022
Tanasi D., Cardona D., Hassam S., Kingsland K., Trapani P., Calderone D., De Giorgi L., Leucci G.
Multidisciplinary remote sensing surveying techniques were employed at the site of Abbatija tad- Dejr Catacombs in Rabat (Malta) as part of a collaborative research project of University of South Florida's Institute for Digital Exploration (IDEx) and Heritage Malta aimed to map the complex for interpretation and conservation purposes and to assess the eventual presence of further hypogea in the areas surrounding the site. In this study, terrestrial laser scanning and hand-held digital photogrammetry were employed to map the entire complex in 3D and digitize specific architectural and artistic features found in the Catacomb I, in particular. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used to verify the presence of hypogeal structures and tombs and the preliminary results have showed how the prospection has identified anomalies of possible relevant archaeological interest.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 262–267, Cosenza, 19/10/2022-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Integration of archaeological and geophysical Surveys in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey)
Leucci G., Ismaelli T., Scardozzi G.
An in-depth analysis of some areas in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine city of Hierapolis of Phrygia has been carried out using high resolution geophysical methods integrated to the archaeological surveys in order to detect evidence of archaeological features buried under colluvial deposits and to acquire new data of some sectors of the urban area. In particular, three areas were investigated in the northern, central and southern sectors of the ancient city: i) the Northern Agora; ii) the Sanctuary of Apollo; iii) some insulae with houses in the central and southern sectors of the city. Geophysical data were collected in these areas of interest using different surveying methodologies, during different campaigns of activity of the Italian Archaeological Mission: Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Seismic Refraction Tomography, Magnetometry and GEM. All data collected were integrated in the digital archaeological map of Hierapolis, linked to a Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to contextualize the identified archaeological features in the ancient urban plan. In some cases, geophysical measurements were verified during subsequent archaeological excavations. In this paper some results related to the Temple of Apollo are presented.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 329–333, Cosenza, 19/10/2022-21/10/2022
Leucci G., Ismaelli T., Scardozzi G.
An in-depth analysis of some areas in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine city of Hierapolis of Phrygia has been carried out using high resolution geophysical methods integrated to the archaeological surveys in order to detect evidence of archaeological features buried under colluvial deposits and to acquire new data of some sectors of the urban area. In particular, three areas were investigated in the northern, central and southern sectors of the ancient city: i) the Northern Agora; ii) the Sanctuary of Apollo; iii) some insulae with houses in the central and southern sectors of the city. Geophysical data were collected in these areas of interest using different surveying methodologies, during different campaigns of activity of the Italian Archaeological Mission: Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar, Seismic Refraction Tomography, Magnetometry and GEM. All data collected were integrated in the digital archaeological map of Hierapolis, linked to a Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to contextualize the identified archaeological features in the ancient urban plan. In some cases, geophysical measurements were verified during subsequent archaeological excavations. In this paper some results related to the Temple of Apollo are presented.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 329–333, Cosenza, 19/10/2022-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
NDT for evaluation of volumetric water content in wood structures
De Giorgi L., Barbolla D. F., Comisi F., Torre C., Leucci G.
The condition of the wood structure and its components should be carefully recorded before considering any action. The diagnosis of wood structures in heritage should precede any intervention. Is important to know preliminarily the construction and structural system, the decay condition and the causes. Furthermore, damage or structural failure should be considered. The diagnosis must be based principally on measurements of physical parameters using non-destructive testing (NDT), and if necessary on laboratory testing. Water is one of the principal causes of wood decay. In this study Groundpenetrating radar (GPR) and time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to estimate the dielectric permittivity and successively the volumetric water content of several types of wood. An empirical relationship was found between the dielectric constant and volumetric water content. Results were applied to a case study: the Cathedral of Foggia.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 334–339, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
De Giorgi L., Barbolla D. F., Comisi F., Torre C., Leucci G.
The condition of the wood structure and its components should be carefully recorded before considering any action. The diagnosis of wood structures in heritage should precede any intervention. Is important to know preliminarily the construction and structural system, the decay condition and the causes. Furthermore, damage or structural failure should be considered. The diagnosis must be based principally on measurements of physical parameters using non-destructive testing (NDT), and if necessary on laboratory testing. Water is one of the principal causes of wood decay. In this study Groundpenetrating radar (GPR) and time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to estimate the dielectric permittivity and successively the volumetric water content of several types of wood. An empirical relationship was found between the dielectric constant and volumetric water content. Results were applied to a case study: the Cathedral of Foggia.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 334–339, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
New instrumentation for aerial gradiometric survey
Bucciero A., De Giorgi L., Leucci G.
The SAGAcE (Sistema Avanzato di MonitoraGgio AmbiEntale- ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM) project which has as its main objective the environmental monitoring of water, air and soil. To know the state of the environment with objective data, it is advisable to create detection systems located throughout the territory, which periodically acquire a series of specific parameters for the main environmental matrices (air, water and soil), or which allow, if necessary, a punctual detection, through specific missions, of the quantity of pollutants in large areas and with low costs. With these systems it is possible to define the safety conditions of the areas in question, controlling and preventing the pollution factors in order to comply with current regulations. The state of the environment has an important influence on the state of conservation of archaeological and monumental assets. In this work some of the results of the project are presented.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 340–344, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
Bucciero A., De Giorgi L., Leucci G.
The SAGAcE (Sistema Avanzato di MonitoraGgio AmbiEntale- ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM) project which has as its main objective the environmental monitoring of water, air and soil. To know the state of the environment with objective data, it is advisable to create detection systems located throughout the territory, which periodically acquire a series of specific parameters for the main environmental matrices (air, water and soil), or which allow, if necessary, a punctual detection, through specific missions, of the quantity of pollutants in large areas and with low costs. With these systems it is possible to define the safety conditions of the areas in question, controlling and preventing the pollution factors in order to comply with current regulations. The state of the environment has an important influence on the state of conservation of archaeological and monumental assets. In this work some of the results of the project are presented.Source: metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage, pp. 340–344, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Integrated geophysical surveys for the knowledge of the amphitheatre in Rudiae (Lecce, Italy)
De Giorgi L., Ditaranto I., Leucci G., Scardozzi G.
The ancient city of Rudiae is one of the largest Messapian settlements of Salento. It was inhabited from the 8th cent. BC until at least the 6th- 5th cent. AD, with a very important phase between the late 6th to the 3rd cent. BC. At the beginning of 2nd cent. AD dates back the amphitheatre, recently excavated. Here different methods of geophysical prospecting (GPR, Magnetometry, ERT) are performed. The anomalies highlighted by the integrated geophysical approach have been verified and confirmed by subsequent archaeological excavations. In particular, the anomalies are ascribed to archaeological remains regarding the north-western aditus, the floor of the arena, and some streets and structures to the north and east of the building.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 345–349, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
De Giorgi L., Ditaranto I., Leucci G., Scardozzi G.
The ancient city of Rudiae is one of the largest Messapian settlements of Salento. It was inhabited from the 8th cent. BC until at least the 6th- 5th cent. AD, with a very important phase between the late 6th to the 3rd cent. BC. At the beginning of 2nd cent. AD dates back the amphitheatre, recently excavated. Here different methods of geophysical prospecting (GPR, Magnetometry, ERT) are performed. The anomalies highlighted by the integrated geophysical approach have been verified and confirmed by subsequent archaeological excavations. In particular, the anomalies are ascribed to archaeological remains regarding the north-western aditus, the floor of the arena, and some streets and structures to the north and east of the building.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 345–349, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Study the conservation state of the façade of the Basilica of Santa Croce (Lecce- Italy) using ground-penetrating radar
Carrozzo A. R., Comisi F., De Giorgi L., Leucci G., Longhitano L., Torre C.
The basilica of Santa Croce in Lecce is a baroque church internationally well known; the starting point for this research was the evidence that some structures of the façade are more damaged and present signs of subsidence. The possible causes of damages can be: i) buried structures or subsurface anomalies; ii) not suitable microclimatic conditions; iii) deposition of pollutants. In order to study the first cause of damage geophysical survey, using groundpenetrating radar (GPR) was performed. This allow to obtain information on buried structures or to locate and identify anomalies related to a restoration intervention carried out in the 80s.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 350–354, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
Carrozzo A. R., Comisi F., De Giorgi L., Leucci G., Longhitano L., Torre C.
The basilica of Santa Croce in Lecce is a baroque church internationally well known; the starting point for this research was the evidence that some structures of the façade are more damaged and present signs of subsidence. The possible causes of damages can be: i) buried structures or subsurface anomalies; ii) not suitable microclimatic conditions; iii) deposition of pollutants. In order to study the first cause of damage geophysical survey, using groundpenetrating radar (GPR) was performed. This allow to obtain information on buried structures or to locate and identify anomalies related to a restoration intervention carried out in the 80s.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 350–354, Cosenza, 19-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
The complex bedrock structure at the Manfredi Castle (Supersano, Lecce)
De Giorgi L., Leucci G., Longhitano L., Masini N., Torre C.
Reflection seismic, GPR and penetrometer surveys, were performed at the Manfredi Castle (Supersano, Lecce, Italy) in order to help the engineers in the restoration work. The study tries to understand: 1) whether, using high-resolution reflection seismic data, is possible to provide an essentially continuous structural image of the shallow subsurface; 2) to reconstruct, using both seismic and penetrometer surveys, the bedrock surface below the castle; 3) to discover, using GPR data, the presence of features of archaeological interest. From a technical perspective, the survey was successful. The reflection seismic data effectively image the shallow subsurface and support the penetrometer data. The GPR data pointed out the presence of some man-made structures that could be of archaeological interest.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 370–373, Cosenza, Italy, 19-21/10/2022
De Giorgi L., Leucci G., Longhitano L., Masini N., Torre C.
Reflection seismic, GPR and penetrometer surveys, were performed at the Manfredi Castle (Supersano, Lecce, Italy) in order to help the engineers in the restoration work. The study tries to understand: 1) whether, using high-resolution reflection seismic data, is possible to provide an essentially continuous structural image of the shallow subsurface; 2) to reconstruct, using both seismic and penetrometer surveys, the bedrock surface below the castle; 3) to discover, using GPR data, the presence of features of archaeological interest. From a technical perspective, the survey was successful. The reflection seismic data effectively image the shallow subsurface and support the penetrometer data. The GPR data pointed out the presence of some man-made structures that could be of archaeological interest.Source: Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, pp. 370–373, Cosenza, Italy, 19-21/10/2022
See at:
ISPC Repository | www.imeko.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Integrated GPR and ERT Surveys for the Investigation of the External Sectors of the Castle of Melfi (Potenza, Italy)
Leucci G., Miccoli I., Barbolla D. F., De Giorgi L., Ferrari I., Giuri F., Scardozzi G.
The Castle of Melfi is placed on a hilltop overlooking the modern town and it includes many buildings that have been modified and expanded over time. Its Norman-era core was probably built between the end of the 11th and the start of the 12th century on top of an earlier Byzantine castrum; it was enlarged during the reign of Frederick II and additional alterations were undertaken during the reigns of the Angevin and Aragonese. Integrated ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were carried out inside two courtyards of the westernmost part of the castle, the Cortile degli Armigeri and the Cortile del Mortorio, and in an external eastern wall area in order to identify ancient buried structures through two different methods of investigation and to compare the results.Source: Remote sensing (Basel) 15 (2023). doi:10.3390/rs15041019
DOI: 10.3390/rs15041019
Metrics:
Leucci G., Miccoli I., Barbolla D. F., De Giorgi L., Ferrari I., Giuri F., Scardozzi G.
The Castle of Melfi is placed on a hilltop overlooking the modern town and it includes many buildings that have been modified and expanded over time. Its Norman-era core was probably built between the end of the 11th and the start of the 12th century on top of an earlier Byzantine castrum; it was enlarged during the reign of Frederick II and additional alterations were undertaken during the reigns of the Angevin and Aragonese. Integrated ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were carried out inside two courtyards of the westernmost part of the castle, the Cortile degli Armigeri and the Cortile del Mortorio, and in an external eastern wall area in order to identify ancient buried structures through two different methods of investigation and to compare the results.Source: Remote sensing (Basel) 15 (2023). doi:10.3390/rs15041019
DOI: 10.3390/rs15041019
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2023
Journal article
Open Access
Non-Destructive Diagnosis on the Masaccio Frescoes at the Brancacci Chapel, Church of Santa Maria del Carmine (Florence)
Leucci G., De Giorgi L., Ferrari I., Giuri F., Longhitano L., Felici A., Riminesi C.
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, in the Oltrarno area, was built in 1268 (pre-Renaissance low medieval context) and consecrated in 1422. Following a devastating fire in the interior of the original church, in 1771, very little remained. Among the parts that were saved were the Corsini and Brancacci chapels. The architect Giuseppe Ruggeri was responsible for the reconstruction of the church, which was completed in 1782 (with the exception of the gabled façade which remained unfinished, as can still be seen today). Geophysical investigations were undertaken into the Brancacci chapel in order to have information on the structure of the wall that contains wall paintings by Masaccio, Masolino, and Filippino Lippi, to understand the stratigraphy of the mortars, and to formulate some hypotheses on the causes of their detachment. The results are interesting.Source: Remote sensing (Basel) 15 (2023): 1–11. doi:10.3390/rs15041146
DOI: 10.3390/rs15041146
Metrics:
Leucci G., De Giorgi L., Ferrari I., Giuri F., Longhitano L., Felici A., Riminesi C.
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, in the Oltrarno area, was built in 1268 (pre-Renaissance low medieval context) and consecrated in 1422. Following a devastating fire in the interior of the original church, in 1771, very little remained. Among the parts that were saved were the Corsini and Brancacci chapels. The architect Giuseppe Ruggeri was responsible for the reconstruction of the church, which was completed in 1782 (with the exception of the gabled façade which remained unfinished, as can still be seen today). Geophysical investigations were undertaken into the Brancacci chapel in order to have information on the structure of the wall that contains wall paintings by Masaccio, Masolino, and Filippino Lippi, to understand the stratigraphy of the mortars, and to formulate some hypotheses on the causes of their detachment. The results are interesting.Source: Remote sensing (Basel) 15 (2023): 1–11. doi:10.3390/rs15041146
DOI: 10.3390/rs15041146
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2023
Journal article
Open Access
Dismissed Mines: From the Past to the Future
Varriale R., Aldighieri B., Genovese L.
Today, dismissed mines are considered significant local tangible and intangible cultural heritage elements and they are more and more often at the core of dedicated enhancement processes, being sometimes inscribed in the UNESCO list; included in geoparks; transformed worldwide into industrial museums; or reused. Italy has a peculiar approach to the topic even if it has been underestimated, and research in the field might be improved. Which models should be looked at? Is it possible to identify some basic criteria to look at to obtain positive results? If yes, where should one start? Our proposal is that the application to the newly born class underground built heritage (UBH) can provide instruments for their historical functional classification and introducing several criteria for their interpretation and reuse could eventually support future enhancement projects in this specific sector. This methodology has been already applied world-wide to this category of good, giving positive results and motivating the authors to continue the research following this hypothesis, with the aim of creating a framework of good practices to be used as a reference for new projects. This paper summarizes the authors' research in this direction. After the introduction of the academic scenario and the UBH theoretical approach, this study proposes the results from applying this new methodology to several worldwide case studies from Greece, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Poland in order to evaluate best practices and/or unsuccessful stories. This study, based on data collected during onsite inspections by the authors within several international financed projects, consists of two steps. In the first, a general over-view of all the aspects connected to the historical and contemporary reuses of dismissed mines under analysis was carried out, proposing a reclassification on the basis of the UBH methodology. The second section is dedicated to a new case study: Valle Imperina dismissed mines complex. This section includes an analysis of tangible and intangible values connected to the site and that of the state of the art of the corresponding enhancement. At the end, an evaluation of its potentialities and some critical issues was conducted.Source: Heritage (Basel) Online 6 (2023): 2152–2185. doi:10.3390/heritage6020115
DOI: 10.3390/heritage6020115
Metrics:
Varriale R., Aldighieri B., Genovese L.
Today, dismissed mines are considered significant local tangible and intangible cultural heritage elements and they are more and more often at the core of dedicated enhancement processes, being sometimes inscribed in the UNESCO list; included in geoparks; transformed worldwide into industrial museums; or reused. Italy has a peculiar approach to the topic even if it has been underestimated, and research in the field might be improved. Which models should be looked at? Is it possible to identify some basic criteria to look at to obtain positive results? If yes, where should one start? Our proposal is that the application to the newly born class underground built heritage (UBH) can provide instruments for their historical functional classification and introducing several criteria for their interpretation and reuse could eventually support future enhancement projects in this specific sector. This methodology has been already applied world-wide to this category of good, giving positive results and motivating the authors to continue the research following this hypothesis, with the aim of creating a framework of good practices to be used as a reference for new projects. This paper summarizes the authors' research in this direction. After the introduction of the academic scenario and the UBH theoretical approach, this study proposes the results from applying this new methodology to several worldwide case studies from Greece, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Poland in order to evaluate best practices and/or unsuccessful stories. This study, based on data collected during onsite inspections by the authors within several international financed projects, consists of two steps. In the first, a general over-view of all the aspects connected to the historical and contemporary reuses of dismissed mines under analysis was carried out, proposing a reclassification on the basis of the UBH methodology. The second section is dedicated to a new case study: Valle Imperina dismissed mines complex. This section includes an analysis of tangible and intangible values connected to the site and that of the state of the art of the corresponding enhancement. At the end, an evaluation of its potentialities and some critical issues was conducted.Source: Heritage (Basel) Online 6 (2023): 2152–2185. doi:10.3390/heritage6020115
DOI: 10.3390/heritage6020115
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2023
Contribution to book
Open Access
Preface
Trizio I., Demetrescu E., Ferdani D.
In this volume, the authors would like to focus on the current application of virtual restoration and reconstruction in different Cultural Heritage domains by comparing and discussing several case studies. The book can provide a representative state of the art for archaeologists, architects, restorers, and experts in the representation, enhancement, and protection of cultural heritage.Source: Digital Restoration and Virtual Reconstructions. Case Studies and Compared Experiences for Cultural Heritage, edited by Trizio I.; Demetrescu E.; Ferdani D.. Basel: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15321-1
Metrics:
Trizio I., Demetrescu E., Ferdani D.
In this volume, the authors would like to focus on the current application of virtual restoration and reconstruction in different Cultural Heritage domains by comparing and discussing several case studies. The book can provide a representative state of the art for archaeologists, architects, restorers, and experts in the representation, enhancement, and protection of cultural heritage.Source: Digital Restoration and Virtual Reconstructions. Case Studies and Compared Experiences for Cultural Heritage, edited by Trizio I.; Demetrescu E.; Ferdani D.. Basel: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15321-1
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link.springer.com | ISPC Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
A Multi-Parametric Investigation on Waterlogged Wood Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scanner
Longo S., Egizi F., Stagno V., Di Trani M. G., Marchelletta G., Gili T., Fazio E., Favero G., Capuani S.
In cultural heritage conservation science, moisture content (MC) is an essential factor to determine. At the same time, it is essential to choose non-destructive and non-invasive approaches for more sustainable investigations and make them safe for the environment and the sample. The question addressed in this work concerns the possibility and the opportunity to investigate waterlogged wood by using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical scanners to carry out non-destructive volumetric diagnostics. In this study, MRI, the most important non-invasive medical imaging technique for human tissue analysis, was applied to study archaeological waterlogged wood samples. This type of archaeological material has a very high moisture content (400%-800%), thus, it is an ideal investigative subject for MRI which detects water molecules inside matter. By following this methodology, it was possible to obtain information about water content and conservation status through a T1, T2, and T2* weighted image analysis, without any sampling or handling, and the samples were directly scanned in the water where they were stored. Furthermore, it permited processing 3D reconstruction, which could be an innovative tool for the digitalization of marine archaeological collections. In this work, 16 modern species of wood and a waterlogged archaeological wood sample were studied and investigated using a clinical NMR scanner operating at 3T. The results were compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT) images, as they had already been used for dendrochronology. The comparison highlights the similar, different, and complementary information about moisture content and conservation status in an all-in-one methodology obtainable from both MRI and CT techniques.Source: Forests 14 (2023): 276-1–276-22. doi:10.3390/f14020276
DOI: 10.3390/f14020276
Metrics:
Longo S., Egizi F., Stagno V., Di Trani M. G., Marchelletta G., Gili T., Fazio E., Favero G., Capuani S.
In cultural heritage conservation science, moisture content (MC) is an essential factor to determine. At the same time, it is essential to choose non-destructive and non-invasive approaches for more sustainable investigations and make them safe for the environment and the sample. The question addressed in this work concerns the possibility and the opportunity to investigate waterlogged wood by using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical scanners to carry out non-destructive volumetric diagnostics. In this study, MRI, the most important non-invasive medical imaging technique for human tissue analysis, was applied to study archaeological waterlogged wood samples. This type of archaeological material has a very high moisture content (400%-800%), thus, it is an ideal investigative subject for MRI which detects water molecules inside matter. By following this methodology, it was possible to obtain information about water content and conservation status through a T1, T2, and T2* weighted image analysis, without any sampling or handling, and the samples were directly scanned in the water where they were stored. Furthermore, it permited processing 3D reconstruction, which could be an innovative tool for the digitalization of marine archaeological collections. In this work, 16 modern species of wood and a waterlogged archaeological wood sample were studied and investigated using a clinical NMR scanner operating at 3T. The results were compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT) images, as they had already been used for dendrochronology. The comparison highlights the similar, different, and complementary information about moisture content and conservation status in an all-in-one methodology obtainable from both MRI and CT techniques.Source: Forests 14 (2023): 276-1–276-22. doi:10.3390/f14020276
DOI: 10.3390/f14020276
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ISPC Repository | www.mdpi.com | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
Multispectral UAV Data and GPR Survey for Archeological Anomaly Detection Supporting 3D Reconstruction
Ronchi D., Limongiello M., Demetrescu E., Ferdani D.
Archeological prospection and 3D reconstruction are increasingly combined in large archeological projects that serve both site investigation and dissemination of results. This paper describes and validates a method for using multispectral imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), subsurface geophysical surveys, and stratigraphic excavations to evaluate the role of 3D semantic visualizations for the collected data. The information recorded by various methods will be experimentally reconciled using the Extended Matrix and other original open-source tools, keeping both the scientific processes that generated them and the derived data separate, transparent, and reproducible. This structured information makes immediately accessible the required variety of sources useful for interpretation and reconstructive hypotheses. The application of the methodology will use the first available data from a five-year multidisciplinary investigation project at Tres Tabernae, a Roman site near Rome, where numerous non-destructive technologies, as well as excavation campaigns, will be progressively deployed to explore the site and validate the approaches.Source: Sensors (Basel) 23 (2023): 1–23. doi:10.3390/s23052769
DOI: 10.3390/s23052769
Metrics:
Ronchi D., Limongiello M., Demetrescu E., Ferdani D.
Archeological prospection and 3D reconstruction are increasingly combined in large archeological projects that serve both site investigation and dissemination of results. This paper describes and validates a method for using multispectral imagery captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), subsurface geophysical surveys, and stratigraphic excavations to evaluate the role of 3D semantic visualizations for the collected data. The information recorded by various methods will be experimentally reconciled using the Extended Matrix and other original open-source tools, keeping both the scientific processes that generated them and the derived data separate, transparent, and reproducible. This structured information makes immediately accessible the required variety of sources useful for interpretation and reconstructive hypotheses. The application of the methodology will use the first available data from a five-year multidisciplinary investigation project at Tres Tabernae, a Roman site near Rome, where numerous non-destructive technologies, as well as excavation campaigns, will be progressively deployed to explore the site and validate the approaches.Source: Sensors (Basel) 23 (2023): 1–23. doi:10.3390/s23052769
DOI: 10.3390/s23052769
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2023
Journal article
Open Access
Mortars in context: An integrated study of mortars and plasters from the so-called Ginnasio in Solunto (Sicily, Italy)
Boese B., Amicone S., Cantisani E., Schön F., Berthold C.
This paper presents a multipronged scientific study of mortars and plasters of the so-called Ginnasio in the Hellenistic-Roman city of Solunto (Sicily, Italy). A selection of 16 well-contextualized samples was collected to represent different functions and building phases of this private house. The results show that a variety of locally available raw materials was used as aggregates and to produce binders. The diversity of raw materials' sources and production techniques identified in this study reveals the advanced technological knowledge of the builders of Solunto, indicating a complex relationship between the settlement's cityscape and its surrounding landscapeSource: Archaeometry (Oxf., Online) (2023): 1–19. doi:10.1111/arcm.12853
DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12853
Metrics:
Boese B., Amicone S., Cantisani E., Schön F., Berthold C.
This paper presents a multipronged scientific study of mortars and plasters of the so-called Ginnasio in the Hellenistic-Roman city of Solunto (Sicily, Italy). A selection of 16 well-contextualized samples was collected to represent different functions and building phases of this private house. The results show that a variety of locally available raw materials was used as aggregates and to produce binders. The diversity of raw materials' sources and production techniques identified in this study reveals the advanced technological knowledge of the builders of Solunto, indicating a complex relationship between the settlement's cityscape and its surrounding landscapeSource: Archaeometry (Oxf., Online) (2023): 1–19. doi:10.1111/arcm.12853
DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12853
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