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Conference article
Open Access
Il tempio tardo-repubblicano di Madonna della Cona a Teramo: nuovi studi e interventi di valorizzazione virtuale
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
not yet published
Journal article
Open Access
Performance indicators for portable X-ray fluorescence devices
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Exploring Transformative Ecotourism Experiences on Italian Pathways Through Online Reviews
Marasco A., Marchi V.
Transformative tourism experiences have attracted considerable scholarly interest in the recent past and deserve further attention to advance knowledge on the role of tourism in human transformation. This study aims to advance the understanding of the triggers and dimensions of transformative ecotourism experiences through the analysis of travelers’ online reviews relating to 10 Italian Pathways (Cammini d’Italia). A total of 742 reviews from 2010 to 2022 were collected from TripAdvisor using a web scraping procedure and analyzed by applying text mining techniques. This analysis explored the cognitive, affective, sensory, social and other experiential factors that can trigger tourists’ transformative experiences and their relationship with behavioral, psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions of transformation. The findings provide evidence of the association of cognitive and sensory triggers and the search for unusual, special tourism experiences to transformative experiences, with specific regard to the psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are provided to improve the understanding and promotion of transformative tourism experiences in this context.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 17 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/su17020452
Metrics:
Marasco A., Marchi V.
Transformative tourism experiences have attracted considerable scholarly interest in the recent past and deserve further attention to advance knowledge on the role of tourism in human transformation. This study aims to advance the understanding of the triggers and dimensions of transformative ecotourism experiences through the analysis of travelers’ online reviews relating to 10 Italian Pathways (Cammini d’Italia). A total of 742 reviews from 2010 to 2022 were collected from TripAdvisor using a web scraping procedure and analyzed by applying text mining techniques. This analysis explored the cognitive, affective, sensory, social and other experiential factors that can trigger tourists’ transformative experiences and their relationship with behavioral, psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions of transformation. The findings provide evidence of the association of cognitive and sensory triggers and the search for unusual, special tourism experiences to transformative experiences, with specific regard to the psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are provided to improve the understanding and promotion of transformative tourism experiences in this context.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 17 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/su17020452
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS 
| www.mdpi.com | CNR IRIS 
2025
Journal article
Open Access
An Investigation Into the Notion of Complex Systems
Mazzocchi F.
This article investigates the concept of ‘complex systems’. While not searching for some necessary and sufficient conditions that are valid for all of them, it acknowledges that complex systems can take different shapes, mainly depending on the features of their internal organization and how they interact with their environment. It then advocates a net worked notion of complex systems that can accommodate their rich phenomenology and the various circumstances making them, focusing on two types of these systems: (i) one that is mainly characterized by the generation of stable patterns through self-reinforcing dynamics at the lower levels (Bénard convection) and (ii) a distinct one characterized by a more complex organization that makes them ‘minimally decomposable’ and show ing autonomy (living systems). The article also assumes that the complexity of a system is analyzable by focusing on two distinct yet interrelated aspects: (i) the features of the system itself and (ii) the relationship between the system and an observer. Its final part discusses how complex systems cannot be adequately represented by a single model or description and how this is another distinctive aspect of their complexity.Source: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09975-2
Metrics:
Mazzocchi F.
This article investigates the concept of ‘complex systems’. While not searching for some necessary and sufficient conditions that are valid for all of them, it acknowledges that complex systems can take different shapes, mainly depending on the features of their internal organization and how they interact with their environment. It then advocates a net worked notion of complex systems that can accommodate their rich phenomenology and the various circumstances making them, focusing on two types of these systems: (i) one that is mainly characterized by the generation of stable patterns through self-reinforcing dynamics at the lower levels (Bénard convection) and (ii) a distinct one characterized by a more complex organization that makes them ‘minimally decomposable’ and show ing autonomy (living systems). The article also assumes that the complexity of a system is analyzable by focusing on two distinct yet interrelated aspects: (i) the features of the system itself and (ii) the relationship between the system and an observer. Its final part discusses how complex systems cannot be adequately represented by a single model or description and how this is another distinctive aspect of their complexity.Source: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09975-2
Metrics:
2025
Contribution to book
Open Access
Bridging Traditional and Digital Papyrology with Domain-Specific Languages
Del Grosso Angelo Mario, Zenzaro Simone, Boschetti Federico, Ranocchia Graziano
In this chapter, we propose a method to bridge the divide between traditional and digital papyrology by harnessing the capabilities of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs). Our approach, namely DSL-based Digital Scholarly Editing (DSL-based DSE), seeks to pave the way for harmonious integration. We believe that it is possible to bridge the gap between traditional and digital papyrology leveraging Domain Specific Languages by following the DSL-based DSE methodology. Throughout this chapter, we describe the GreekSchools project that is our testing ground for our methodology. Additionally, we offer a succinct theoretical foundation for our novel approach, elucidating the underlying principles guiding its design. Then we define DSL-based DSE and illustrate its practical implications through concrete examples, showcasing the dynamic interplay between our methodology and EpiDoc. Finally, we introduce CoPhi Editor, a collaborative and cooperative Web-based platform that implements the DSL-based DSE methodology for the GreekSchools project, but it aims to position itself among the useful tools for collaborative editing of digital scholarly editions, like SoSOL, Perseids, TextualCommunities, and others.DOI: 10.1515/9783111070162-009
Project(s): GreekSchools
Metrics:
Del Grosso Angelo Mario, Zenzaro Simone, Boschetti Federico, Ranocchia Graziano
In this chapter, we propose a method to bridge the divide between traditional and digital papyrology by harnessing the capabilities of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs). Our approach, namely DSL-based Digital Scholarly Editing (DSL-based DSE), seeks to pave the way for harmonious integration. We believe that it is possible to bridge the gap between traditional and digital papyrology leveraging Domain Specific Languages by following the DSL-based DSE methodology. Throughout this chapter, we describe the GreekSchools project that is our testing ground for our methodology. Additionally, we offer a succinct theoretical foundation for our novel approach, elucidating the underlying principles guiding its design. Then we define DSL-based DSE and illustrate its practical implications through concrete examples, showcasing the dynamic interplay between our methodology and EpiDoc. Finally, we introduce CoPhi Editor, a collaborative and cooperative Web-based platform that implements the DSL-based DSE methodology for the GreekSchools project, but it aims to position itself among the useful tools for collaborative editing of digital scholarly editions, like SoSOL, Perseids, TextualCommunities, and others.DOI: 10.1515/9783111070162-009
Project(s): GreekSchools
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | CNR IRIS | www.degruyter.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
‘Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones’: automated construction and restitution procedure for engineering geology use
D'Agostino A., Porchia A., Tortorici G., Pavano F., Cavuoto G., Moscatelli M., Ortolano G., Catalano S.
This study presents an automated method for the construction and spatialization of stratigraphic columns, facilitating the creation of maps of Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones (SHZ). This approach integrates GIS tools with custom Python scripts, streamlining the manual process traditionally used in Seismic Microzonation (SM) studies according to Italian standards. Our method allows for rapid, scalable processing and provides a detailed geological model of near-surface stratigraphy, essential for land management and seismic risk assessment. We employed our scripts to automatically produce the map of SHZ in the test area of Cariati (Northern Calabria), demonstrating their effectiveness by accurately replicating and extending the manually-derived stratigraphic columns. Additionally, this procedure enhances accessibility to geological data by enabling subsurface insights through spatialized 1D stratigraphic information, while preserving the simplicity of 2D visualization. This advancement holds promise for broader applications in territorial planning and infrastructure development, supporting informed decision-making in various fields of geoscience and engineering.Source: JOURNAL OF MAPS, vol. 21 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2025.2504064
Project(s): PROGETTO PRIN 2020 MMCPER PE10 SERENA – Mapping seismic site effects at regional and national scale- approvato con Decreto Direttoriale n. 223 del 18/02/2022 del Ministero, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Segretariato Generale Direzione Generale della ricerca.
Metrics:
D'Agostino A., Porchia A., Tortorici G., Pavano F., Cavuoto G., Moscatelli M., Ortolano G., Catalano S.
This study presents an automated method for the construction and spatialization of stratigraphic columns, facilitating the creation of maps of Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones (SHZ). This approach integrates GIS tools with custom Python scripts, streamlining the manual process traditionally used in Seismic Microzonation (SM) studies according to Italian standards. Our method allows for rapid, scalable processing and provides a detailed geological model of near-surface stratigraphy, essential for land management and seismic risk assessment. We employed our scripts to automatically produce the map of SHZ in the test area of Cariati (Northern Calabria), demonstrating their effectiveness by accurately replicating and extending the manually-derived stratigraphic columns. Additionally, this procedure enhances accessibility to geological data by enabling subsurface insights through spatialized 1D stratigraphic information, while preserving the simplicity of 2D visualization. This advancement holds promise for broader applications in territorial planning and infrastructure development, supporting informed decision-making in various fields of geoscience and engineering.Source: JOURNAL OF MAPS, vol. 21 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2025.2504064
Project(s): PROGETTO PRIN 2020 MMCPER PE10 SERENA – Mapping seismic site effects at regional and national scale- approvato con Decreto Direttoriale n. 223 del 18/02/2022 del Ministero, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Segretariato Generale Direzione Generale della ricerca.
Metrics:
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Co-producing knowledge about climate change: Indigenous perspectives can be revealing
Mazzocchi F.
The article investigates the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the co-production of knowledge about climate change, in interaction with Western science. IK, grounded on long-term and local-based observation, broadens the range and depth of the information on the climate crisis. It also provides alternative (non-exploitative) views of the human-nature relationship, which are embedded in their worldviews and value systems. Insight might be gained by Indigenous ways of knowing too, which do not separate knowledge generation from ethical engagement. The article also scrutinizes the multiple challenges posed by knowledge co-production as a research strategy, outlining a number of conditions that, from a Western point of view, would be required to properly create the space of co-production.Source: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, vol. 18 (issue 1), pp. 77-82
DOI: 10.1089/env.2023.0037
Metrics:
Mazzocchi F.
The article investigates the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the co-production of knowledge about climate change, in interaction with Western science. IK, grounded on long-term and local-based observation, broadens the range and depth of the information on the climate crisis. It also provides alternative (non-exploitative) views of the human-nature relationship, which are embedded in their worldviews and value systems. Insight might be gained by Indigenous ways of knowing too, which do not separate knowledge generation from ethical engagement. The article also scrutinizes the multiple challenges posed by knowledge co-production as a research strategy, outlining a number of conditions that, from a Western point of view, would be required to properly create the space of co-production.Source: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, vol. 18 (issue 1), pp. 77-82
DOI: 10.1089/env.2023.0037
Metrics:
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CNR IRIS | Environmental Justice | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
The Ponte Delle Chianche on the Via Traiana in Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy): New Data for an Integrated Study
Ferrari I.
This article illustrates a systematic and updated study of the Ponte delle Chianche, a Roman bridge on the ancient Via Traiana built at the beginning of the second century AD and located near Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy). The study aimed to retrieve all information contained in literary sources and to cross-reference them with new data from research conducted in recent years. Thanks to an instrumental metric survey of the structures, both the construction techniques used and the bridge construction process were better understood, elements that were then incorporated into the development of a 3D reconstruction proposal. At the same time, a close visual analysis of the structures led to the discovery of a large number of brick stamps, also unpublished, which is important for understanding the logistical aspects of the building materials. The results obtained will be used to implement a comprehensive project for the recovery and securing of the property.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 8 (issue 11), pp. 1-28
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8010011
Metrics:
Ferrari I.
This article illustrates a systematic and updated study of the Ponte delle Chianche, a Roman bridge on the ancient Via Traiana built at the beginning of the second century AD and located near Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy). The study aimed to retrieve all information contained in literary sources and to cross-reference them with new data from research conducted in recent years. Thanks to an instrumental metric survey of the structures, both the construction techniques used and the bridge construction process were better understood, elements that were then incorporated into the development of a 3D reconstruction proposal. At the same time, a close visual analysis of the structures led to the discovery of a large number of brick stamps, also unpublished, which is important for understanding the logistical aspects of the building materials. The results obtained will be used to implement a comprehensive project for the recovery and securing of the property.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 8 (issue 11), pp. 1-28
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8010011
Metrics:
See at:
Heritage | CNR IRIS | www.mdpi.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Experimental evidence of the thermally dominated effect of CW NIR laser irradiation for the restoration of darkened red lead in wall paintings
Suzuki Amelia, Osticioli Iacopo, Di Benedetto Francesco, Oberhauser Werner, Liang Haida, D'Acapito Francesco, Riminesi Cristiano
In wall paintings, the widely used red lead pigment (Pb3O4) may darken due to its transformation to black-brown plattnerite (β-PbO2). No well-established conversion methods to restore darkened red lead in wall paintings have been reported yet. Only recently, the use of Nd:YAG Continuous Wave (CW) laser irradiation has been proposed and tested on mock-ups and on a wall painting to recover darkened red lead. Although very promising, the method still needs to be fully characterized (penetration depth, stability, by-products etc.). The understanding of the main mechanisms is crucial for the identification of the best operative conditions and to assess the possible risks associated to this method. To identify the laser-induced products and their distribution in the paint layer a combination of synchrotron based (SR) micro X-ray powder diffraction mapping (μ-XRPD), Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at the Pb LIII edge, μ-Raman spectroscopy, and VIS-NIR and short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (400–2000 nm) has been used to characterize the bulk, the surface and the stratigraphy of a plattnerite wall painting mock-up treated with a CW 1064 nm laser. New compounds in the laser-induced treatment of plattnerite have been identified, representing the key evidence of a predominant thermal effect of the laser treatment. These compounds are non-stoichiometric lead oxides that are an intermediate step in the reduction process of plattnerite. A characteristic Raman spectrum of these non-stoichiometric lead oxides was identified with a main band at 419 cm−1. These compounds are found to be surprisingly stable over the 2-year observation period.Source: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 212, p. 113471
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113471
Metrics:
Suzuki Amelia, Osticioli Iacopo, Di Benedetto Francesco, Oberhauser Werner, Liang Haida, D'Acapito Francesco, Riminesi Cristiano
In wall paintings, the widely used red lead pigment (Pb3O4) may darken due to its transformation to black-brown plattnerite (β-PbO2). No well-established conversion methods to restore darkened red lead in wall paintings have been reported yet. Only recently, the use of Nd:YAG Continuous Wave (CW) laser irradiation has been proposed and tested on mock-ups and on a wall painting to recover darkened red lead. Although very promising, the method still needs to be fully characterized (penetration depth, stability, by-products etc.). The understanding of the main mechanisms is crucial for the identification of the best operative conditions and to assess the possible risks associated to this method. To identify the laser-induced products and their distribution in the paint layer a combination of synchrotron based (SR) micro X-ray powder diffraction mapping (μ-XRPD), Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at the Pb LIII edge, μ-Raman spectroscopy, and VIS-NIR and short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (400–2000 nm) has been used to characterize the bulk, the surface and the stratigraphy of a plattnerite wall painting mock-up treated with a CW 1064 nm laser. New compounds in the laser-induced treatment of plattnerite have been identified, representing the key evidence of a predominant thermal effect of the laser treatment. These compounds are non-stoichiometric lead oxides that are an intermediate step in the reduction process of plattnerite. A characteristic Raman spectrum of these non-stoichiometric lead oxides was identified with a main band at 419 cm−1. These compounds are found to be surprisingly stable over the 2-year observation period.Source: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 212, p. 113471
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113471
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2025
Software
Open Access
SENNSE – Spatial hEritage ScieNce oNline Sensor Environment
Bucciero A., Emara M., Zecca D., Chirivi A., Pandurino A., Greco M., Colella R., Taurino F. V., Jaziri M. A., Muci I.
SENNSE is a hardware/software platform for the monitoring and preservation of cultural heritage assets through the acquisition and subsequent analysis of multiple data feeds acquired from a large-scale wireless sensor network. The sensors and related nodes, based on widely used commercial technologies and microcontrollers such as Arduino, Esp32 and Raspberry PI, cover a wide range of micro-environmental measurements such as temperature, humidity, air quality, light quantity and many others. SENNSE natively implements the MQTT IOT protocol, ensuring that the data sent from the sensors, through the relevant nodes, will be small in size, and that transmission, even under difficult conditions and poor network coverage, will occur correctly. The open infrastructure can be easily customized facing the needs of users who, thanks to the implemented software platform can create their own dashboards and have the clearest possible information about the status of the monitored property. SENNSE can implement customized alarms to inform the user that certain preset thresholds are exceeded. In future, thanks to the use of actuators, users will be able to respond to these alarms by activating direct and effective countermeasures, and thanks to the use of artificial intelligence modules (under development) the system will be able to discovery data trends, to predict possible site Issues and to suggest correct tasks to be performed.Project(s): Humanities and Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
Bucciero A., Emara M., Zecca D., Chirivi A., Pandurino A., Greco M., Colella R., Taurino F. V., Jaziri M. A., Muci I.
SENNSE is a hardware/software platform for the monitoring and preservation of cultural heritage assets through the acquisition and subsequent analysis of multiple data feeds acquired from a large-scale wireless sensor network. The sensors and related nodes, based on widely used commercial technologies and microcontrollers such as Arduino, Esp32 and Raspberry PI, cover a wide range of micro-environmental measurements such as temperature, humidity, air quality, light quantity and many others. SENNSE natively implements the MQTT IOT protocol, ensuring that the data sent from the sensors, through the relevant nodes, will be small in size, and that transmission, even under difficult conditions and poor network coverage, will occur correctly. The open infrastructure can be easily customized facing the needs of users who, thanks to the implemented software platform can create their own dashboards and have the clearest possible information about the status of the monitored property. SENNSE can implement customized alarms to inform the user that certain preset thresholds are exceeded. In future, thanks to the use of actuators, users will be able to respond to these alarms by activating direct and effective countermeasures, and thanks to the use of artificial intelligence modules (under development) the system will be able to discovery data trends, to predict possible site Issues and to suggest correct tasks to be performed.Project(s): Humanities and Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
2025
Conference article
Open Access
Reimpiego dei marmi antichi in Castel Maniace a Siracusa (Sicilia, Italia)
Delli Santi M.
The Mediterranean area is characterised by the great use of marbles in the classical age, which was widely reused in subsequent eras. A similar fortune also happened in Syracuse, where many materials of the prestigious buildings of the Greek polis were used for those of the subsequent Roman city, and then to build the medieval and modern centre. An important example of medieval reuse is in the portal and in the large window of Castel Maniace in Syracuse. This contribution will highlight that most of the ancient marble reused in the portal and in the large window are spolia of the Greek and especially Roman age. In particular, the more elaborate, well-preserved and affixed according to precise dispositive and functional criteria the spoil was, the greater the prestige conferred by its use. In fact, the spolia still bears, even through the centuries, those elements dear to the symbolism of the Roman Empire, and attributable to the exaltation of the client and the valorization of the space in which the reuse took place.
Delli Santi M.
The Mediterranean area is characterised by the great use of marbles in the classical age, which was widely reused in subsequent eras. A similar fortune also happened in Syracuse, where many materials of the prestigious buildings of the Greek polis were used for those of the subsequent Roman city, and then to build the medieval and modern centre. An important example of medieval reuse is in the portal and in the large window of Castel Maniace in Syracuse. This contribution will highlight that most of the ancient marble reused in the portal and in the large window are spolia of the Greek and especially Roman age. In particular, the more elaborate, well-preserved and affixed according to precise dispositive and functional criteria the spoil was, the greater the prestige conferred by its use. In fact, the spolia still bears, even through the centuries, those elements dear to the symbolism of the Roman Empire, and attributable to the exaltation of the client and the valorization of the space in which the reuse took place.
2025
Journal article
Open Access
A Top-Down, Multi-Method and Multi-Scale Approach to Studying the Byzantine–Umayyad Settlement of Umm ar-Rasas (Amman, Jordan)
Cozzolino M., Di Palma F., Gabrielli R., Mauriello P., Scardozzi G.
This papers aims the approach to studying the Byzantine–Umayyad Settlement of Umm ar-Rasas (Amman, Jordan) trough the top-down, multi-method and multi-scale remote sensingSource: HERITAGE, vol. 8
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8050177
Metrics:
Cozzolino M., Di Palma F., Gabrielli R., Mauriello P., Scardozzi G.
This papers aims the approach to studying the Byzantine–Umayyad Settlement of Umm ar-Rasas (Amman, Jordan) trough the top-down, multi-method and multi-scale remote sensingSource: HERITAGE, vol. 8
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8050177
Metrics:
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Non-destructive examination of ancient vitreous materials from Southwest Asia: Synchrotron computed tomography at the BEATS beamline of SESAME
Iori G., Hans P., Stucchi N. M. E., Khan L. U., Saadaldin A., Possenti E., Franceschin G., Khasoneh S. A., Bonora G. L., Dardeniz G.
The analysis of archaeological objects poses a set of challenges related to the fragility and uniqueness of the material and requires special non-invasive techniques. This article presents applications of Syn- chrotron X-ray Computed Tomography (SXCT) on archaeological vitreous materials, namely glass, faience, and Egyptian blue. Using five different case studies, we provide protocols developed at the beamline ID10-BEATS of SESAME (Jordan) to understand raw material, production, and degradation of vitreous as- semblages from sub-mm to several cm in size. The use of high-resolution 3-dimensional X-ray imaging combined with phase-contrast generation allows to identify and differentiate ancient faience and pig- ment production technologies, quantify the severity and microstructure of glass corrosion, and assess the fracture and mechanical fragility of large artifacts and assemblies such as mosaics. The combination of SXCT with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption near edge structure allows to examine complementary structural and chemical data of unique examples of the Southwest Asian cul- tural heritage. The availability of a SXCT facility at the heart of Southwest Asia facilitates and enhances the non-destructive examination and conservation of ancient vitreous materials of the region, proving the relevance of the technique for archaeologists, museums, and cultural heritage specialists.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 72, pp. 160-168
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.011
Metrics:
Iori G., Hans P., Stucchi N. M. E., Khan L. U., Saadaldin A., Possenti E., Franceschin G., Khasoneh S. A., Bonora G. L., Dardeniz G.
The analysis of archaeological objects poses a set of challenges related to the fragility and uniqueness of the material and requires special non-invasive techniques. This article presents applications of Syn- chrotron X-ray Computed Tomography (SXCT) on archaeological vitreous materials, namely glass, faience, and Egyptian blue. Using five different case studies, we provide protocols developed at the beamline ID10-BEATS of SESAME (Jordan) to understand raw material, production, and degradation of vitreous as- semblages from sub-mm to several cm in size. The use of high-resolution 3-dimensional X-ray imaging combined with phase-contrast generation allows to identify and differentiate ancient faience and pig- ment production technologies, quantify the severity and microstructure of glass corrosion, and assess the fracture and mechanical fragility of large artifacts and assemblies such as mosaics. The combination of SXCT with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption near edge structure allows to examine complementary structural and chemical data of unique examples of the Southwest Asian cul- tural heritage. The availability of a SXCT facility at the heart of Southwest Asia facilitates and enhances the non-destructive examination and conservation of ancient vitreous materials of the region, proving the relevance of the technique for archaeologists, museums, and cultural heritage specialists.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 72, pp. 160-168
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.011
Metrics:
2025
Journal article
Open Access
An Open‐Source Machine Learning–Based Methodological Approach for Processing High‐Resolution UAS LiDAR Data in Archaeological Contexts: A Case Study from Epirus, Greece
Abate N., Roubis D., Aggeli A., Sileo M., Minervino Amodio A., Vitale V., Frisetti A., Danese M., Arzu P., Sogliani F., Lasaponara R., Masini N.
This study shows and discusses an innovative approach devised for archaeological feature detection using unmanned aerial system (UAS) LiDAR and an opensource probabilistic machine learning framework. The methodology employs a Random Forest classification algorithm within CloudCompare’s 3DMASC plugin to analyse dense LiDAR point clouds. The main steps include classifier training, hyperparameter adjustment and point cloud segmentation to produce digital terrain models (DTM), digital feature models (DFM) and digital surface models (DSM). Experimenting different parameters led to the determination of the best set to be employed for the training model. Subsequent data enhancement with the Relief Visualisation Toolbox (RVT) refines the visibility of archaeological features, particularly within complex and heavily vegetated terrain. The use case selected to validate this approach is the site of Kastrí-Pandosia in Epirus (Greece), which is particularly suitable for LiDAR analysis by UAS. This approach significantly improves archaeological detection and interpretation, revealing previously inaccessible or obscured microtopographic and structural features. The results highlight the site’s defensive walls, terracing and potential anthropogenic routes, underlining the methodology’s effectiveness in detecting archaeological landscapes at multiple levels. This study emphasises the utility of accessible and open-source solutions for the identification of archaeological features, promoting cost-effective methods to improve the documentation of sites in remote or difficult locations.Source: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY, vol. 32, pp. 1-38
DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09706-8
Metrics:
Abate N., Roubis D., Aggeli A., Sileo M., Minervino Amodio A., Vitale V., Frisetti A., Danese M., Arzu P., Sogliani F., Lasaponara R., Masini N.
This study shows and discusses an innovative approach devised for archaeological feature detection using unmanned aerial system (UAS) LiDAR and an opensource probabilistic machine learning framework. The methodology employs a Random Forest classification algorithm within CloudCompare’s 3DMASC plugin to analyse dense LiDAR point clouds. The main steps include classifier training, hyperparameter adjustment and point cloud segmentation to produce digital terrain models (DTM), digital feature models (DFM) and digital surface models (DSM). Experimenting different parameters led to the determination of the best set to be employed for the training model. Subsequent data enhancement with the Relief Visualisation Toolbox (RVT) refines the visibility of archaeological features, particularly within complex and heavily vegetated terrain. The use case selected to validate this approach is the site of Kastrí-Pandosia in Epirus (Greece), which is particularly suitable for LiDAR analysis by UAS. This approach significantly improves archaeological detection and interpretation, revealing previously inaccessible or obscured microtopographic and structural features. The results highlight the site’s defensive walls, terracing and potential anthropogenic routes, underlining the methodology’s effectiveness in detecting archaeological landscapes at multiple levels. This study emphasises the utility of accessible and open-source solutions for the identification of archaeological features, promoting cost-effective methods to improve the documentation of sites in remote or difficult locations.Source: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY, vol. 32, pp. 1-38
DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09706-8
Metrics:
See at:
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Evaluation of main regulating, provisioning, and supporting ecosystem services of urban street trees: A literature review
Savo V., D'Amato L., Bartoli F., Zappitelli I., Caneva G.
In urban ecosystems, the value of green spaces and biodiversity is increasingly recognized, and street trees provide beneficial effects or ecosystem services. However, street trees are not all the same, and some species are better suited for specific urban contexts and provide more benefits than others. Considering an extensive liter- ature, here we provide a framework to evaluate the various ecosystem services that street tree species can provide in urban environments related to regulating, provisioning, and supporting services. For each ecosystem service, we selected the numerous morphological, physiological, and ecological features of the tree species that can affect the provision and extent of the benefits. An ideal species does not exist because some traits can be beneficial in certain climates or for specific functions and be negative for others. Here, we suggest an array of traits that urban planners can look for if they want to maximize a specific ecosystem service rather than another. For instance, evergreen, tall, fast-growing species are potentially the best types of trees if urban planners want to maximize carbon sequestration amounts, but the same traits could be negative for other ecosystem services. All in all, we recognize that maintaining a diversity of tree species, with an array of morphological, physiological, and ecological features, can diversify and possibly increase the provision of ecosystem services.Source: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, vol. 71, p. 101690
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101690
Metrics:
Savo V., D'Amato L., Bartoli F., Zappitelli I., Caneva G.
In urban ecosystems, the value of green spaces and biodiversity is increasingly recognized, and street trees provide beneficial effects or ecosystem services. However, street trees are not all the same, and some species are better suited for specific urban contexts and provide more benefits than others. Considering an extensive liter- ature, here we provide a framework to evaluate the various ecosystem services that street tree species can provide in urban environments related to regulating, provisioning, and supporting services. For each ecosystem service, we selected the numerous morphological, physiological, and ecological features of the tree species that can affect the provision and extent of the benefits. An ideal species does not exist because some traits can be beneficial in certain climates or for specific functions and be negative for others. Here, we suggest an array of traits that urban planners can look for if they want to maximize a specific ecosystem service rather than another. For instance, evergreen, tall, fast-growing species are potentially the best types of trees if urban planners want to maximize carbon sequestration amounts, but the same traits could be negative for other ecosystem services. All in all, we recognize that maintaining a diversity of tree species, with an array of morphological, physiological, and ecological features, can diversify and possibly increase the provision of ecosystem services.Source: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, vol. 71, p. 101690
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101690
Metrics:
See at:
IRIS Cnr | IRIS Cnr | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Heritage BIM and performance simulation interoperability: methodological insights from representative case studies in Cyprus and Italy
Alexandrou K., Martinelli L., Thravalou S., Gigliarelli E., Artopoulos G., Calcerano F.
BIM advances for the AEC industry’s digital transformation agenda is hindered by poor software interoperability with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools. In an effort to identify the causes of this barrier and address possible directions to overcoming challenges, this paper presents two semi-automatic BIM to BPS workflows for heritage buildings, following the employment of the gbXML and the IFC exchange schemas respectively. Each workflow encompasses the integration of dynamic energy simulation data, as well as the conversion of morphologically complex geometries from BIM to the streamlined requirements of the respective numerical simulation engines. These parallel workflows are implemented and assessed through their application for the energy and environmental improvement of two heritage buildings, located in Cyprus and Italy. These buildings are studied as specific cases to drive the development of an energy simulation-based Heritage BIM (HBIM) workflow presented here. The findings of this research offer methodological insights into BIM data integration strategies and best practices in modeling for the schema-based workflows presented. Finally, the paper discusses impending methodological framework improvements and argues for the impact of specific roles and expertize on the process, in an effort to establish an adequate interoperability maturity level of BIM models in said operations.Source: ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN MANAGEMENT, pp. 1-23
DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2025.2451404
Metrics:
Alexandrou K., Martinelli L., Thravalou S., Gigliarelli E., Artopoulos G., Calcerano F.
BIM advances for the AEC industry’s digital transformation agenda is hindered by poor software interoperability with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools. In an effort to identify the causes of this barrier and address possible directions to overcoming challenges, this paper presents two semi-automatic BIM to BPS workflows for heritage buildings, following the employment of the gbXML and the IFC exchange schemas respectively. Each workflow encompasses the integration of dynamic energy simulation data, as well as the conversion of morphologically complex geometries from BIM to the streamlined requirements of the respective numerical simulation engines. These parallel workflows are implemented and assessed through their application for the energy and environmental improvement of two heritage buildings, located in Cyprus and Italy. These buildings are studied as specific cases to drive the development of an energy simulation-based Heritage BIM (HBIM) workflow presented here. The findings of this research offer methodological insights into BIM data integration strategies and best practices in modeling for the schema-based workflows presented. Finally, the paper discusses impending methodological framework improvements and argues for the impact of specific roles and expertize on the process, in an effort to establish an adequate interoperability maturity level of BIM models in said operations.Source: ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN MANAGEMENT, pp. 1-23
DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2025.2451404
Metrics:
See at:
Architectural Engineering and Design Management | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS
2025
Dataset
Open Access
Teramo. Madonna della Cona. Ricostruzione BIM del tempio tardo-repubblicano
Mancuso G., Belfiori F., Assenti G.
The dataset represents the hypothesis of the virtual reconstruction of the Late Republican temple of Madonna della Cona, Teramo (TE). The reconstruction model was created using Autodesk Revit 2024. The dataset includes an .ifc version of the model. The data were presented by the authors at the VI Convegno di Deliciae Fictiles (October 17-19, 2024).DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14801356
Metrics:
Mancuso G., Belfiori F., Assenti G.
The dataset represents the hypothesis of the virtual reconstruction of the Late Republican temple of Madonna della Cona, Teramo (TE). The reconstruction model was created using Autodesk Revit 2024. The dataset includes an .ifc version of the model. The data were presented by the authors at the VI Convegno di Deliciae Fictiles (October 17-19, 2024).DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14801356
Metrics:
2025
Other
Open Access
Le stagioni dell’erudizione e le generazioni degli eruditi. Una storia europea (secoli XV-XIX), a cura di Jean Boutier, Fabio Forner, Maria Pia Paoli, Paolo Tinti, Corrado Viola, Bologna, Clueb, 2024
Baldi D.
Recensione al volumeSource: BIBLIOTHECAE.IT, vol. 14 (issue 1), pp. 246-253
Baldi D.
Recensione al volumeSource: BIBLIOTHECAE.IT, vol. 14 (issue 1), pp. 246-253
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Metagenome-resolved functional traits of Rubrobacter species implicated in rosy discoloration of ancient frescoes in two Georgian Cathedrals
Basile A., Riggio F. P., Tescari M., Chebbi A., Sodo A., Bartoli F., Imperi F., Caneva G., Visca P.
Pink biofilm formation on stone monuments and mural paintings poses serious harm to cultural heritage pres- ervation. Pink biofilms are globally widespread and recalcitrant to eradication, often causing recurrences after restoration. Yet, the ecological drivers of pink biofilm formation and the metabolic functions sustaining the growth of pigment-producing biodeteriogens remain unclear. In this study, a combined approach integrating physicochemical investigations, scanning electron microscopy, 16S rRNA sequence-based analysis of the pro- karyotic community, metagenomic deep sequencing, and metabolic profiling, was applied to determine the etiology of rosy discoloration of ancient frescoes in the Gelati and the Martvili Cathedrals (Georgia). Martvili samples showed greater diversity than Gelati samples, though Actinomycetota predominated in both samples. Rubrobacter-related sequences were detected in all sampling sites, showing an overwhelming abundance in Gelati samples. Reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and phylogenetic analyses highlighted significant intra-genus diversity for Rubrobacter-related sequences, most of which could not be assigned to any formally described Rubrobacter species. Metabolic profiling of the Gelati metagenomes suggests that carbon- fixing autotrophic bacteria and proteinaceous substances in the plaster could contribute to sustaining the che- moorganotrophic members of the community. Complete pathways for β-carotene and bacterioruberin synthesisSource: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 958
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178135
Metrics:
Basile A., Riggio F. P., Tescari M., Chebbi A., Sodo A., Bartoli F., Imperi F., Caneva G., Visca P.
Pink biofilm formation on stone monuments and mural paintings poses serious harm to cultural heritage pres- ervation. Pink biofilms are globally widespread and recalcitrant to eradication, often causing recurrences after restoration. Yet, the ecological drivers of pink biofilm formation and the metabolic functions sustaining the growth of pigment-producing biodeteriogens remain unclear. In this study, a combined approach integrating physicochemical investigations, scanning electron microscopy, 16S rRNA sequence-based analysis of the pro- karyotic community, metagenomic deep sequencing, and metabolic profiling, was applied to determine the etiology of rosy discoloration of ancient frescoes in the Gelati and the Martvili Cathedrals (Georgia). Martvili samples showed greater diversity than Gelati samples, though Actinomycetota predominated in both samples. Rubrobacter-related sequences were detected in all sampling sites, showing an overwhelming abundance in Gelati samples. Reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and phylogenetic analyses highlighted significant intra-genus diversity for Rubrobacter-related sequences, most of which could not be assigned to any formally described Rubrobacter species. Metabolic profiling of the Gelati metagenomes suggests that carbon- fixing autotrophic bacteria and proteinaceous substances in the plaster could contribute to sustaining the che- moorganotrophic members of the community. Complete pathways for β-carotene and bacterioruberin synthesisSource: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 958
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178135
Metrics:
See at:
The Science of The Total Environment | IRIS Cnr | Archivio della Ricerca - Università degli Studi Roma Tre | Archivio della Ricerca - Università degli Studi Roma Tre | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Revaluating CUNA Places (CUltural Place of High Relevance for NAture): Rome as a Multifaced Example of Outstanding Values and Potentials
Caneva G., Hosseini S. Z., Bartoli F., Capotorti G., Attorre F., Blasi C.
The Global Frameworks for Enhancing Natural and Cultural Capital, as expressed in the Charter of Rome (2014), have relevant importance in the broader context of sustain- able development goals (SDGs). The intricate connection between cultural and natural heritage emerges in various documents from UNESCO, IUCN, and ICOMOS; however, the categories and methods for their assessment are not completely defined. Evolving from the concept of “mixed properties” used in the UNESCO definitions, we introduce the concept of CUNA places: cultural places of high relevance for nature. It provides a method- ological tool for identifying and typifying these places based on their values, attributes, and significance. Then, we propose definitions and categories for three different CUNA typologies, comprising 16 categories, considering both tangible and intangible heritage. We also provide a preliminary application to the city of Rome, where a rich historical heritage intersects with outstanding natural values. All the typologies and categories of CUNA places are present in Rome, and further analysis could show the multifaced aspects represented here. On a broader scale, such an application offers the opportunity to enhance the heritages that could be valorized, strengthening the territorial identity, promoting sustainable development, and generating income for conservation efforts.Source: LAND, vol. 14 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/land14020226
Metrics:
Caneva G., Hosseini S. Z., Bartoli F., Capotorti G., Attorre F., Blasi C.
The Global Frameworks for Enhancing Natural and Cultural Capital, as expressed in the Charter of Rome (2014), have relevant importance in the broader context of sustain- able development goals (SDGs). The intricate connection between cultural and natural heritage emerges in various documents from UNESCO, IUCN, and ICOMOS; however, the categories and methods for their assessment are not completely defined. Evolving from the concept of “mixed properties” used in the UNESCO definitions, we introduce the concept of CUNA places: cultural places of high relevance for nature. It provides a method- ological tool for identifying and typifying these places based on their values, attributes, and significance. Then, we propose definitions and categories for three different CUNA typologies, comprising 16 categories, considering both tangible and intangible heritage. We also provide a preliminary application to the city of Rome, where a rich historical heritage intersects with outstanding natural values. All the typologies and categories of CUNA places are present in Rome, and further analysis could show the multifaced aspects represented here. On a broader scale, such an application offers the opportunity to enhance the heritages that could be valorized, strengthening the territorial identity, promoting sustainable development, and generating income for conservation efforts.Source: LAND, vol. 14 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/land14020226
Metrics:
See at:
Land | Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS