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not yet published
Conference article
Open Access
Il tempio tardo-repubblicano di Madonna della Cona a Teramo: nuovi studi e interventi di valorizzazione virtuale
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
not yet published
Journal article
Open Access
Performance indicators for portable X-ray fluorescence devices
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
2026
Other
Open Access
Ch. J. Robin et al., Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia)
Rossi I.
Review of the book: Ch. J. Robin, J. Schiettecatte, S. Fāyiz al-Saʿīd, M. Arbach, G. Charloux, H. Dridi, Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia), Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres / Peeters, Paris / Louvain, 2022, 472 p., ISBN: 978-2-87754-688-1.Source: SYRIA, vol. 2026 (issue Book reviews)
DOI: 10.4000/15rau
Metrics:
Rossi I.
Review of the book: Ch. J. Robin, J. Schiettecatte, S. Fāyiz al-Saʿīd, M. Arbach, G. Charloux, H. Dridi, Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia), Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres / Peeters, Paris / Louvain, 2022, 472 p., ISBN: 978-2-87754-688-1.Source: SYRIA, vol. 2026 (issue Book reviews)
DOI: 10.4000/15rau
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS 
| journals.openedition.org | CNR IRIS 
2026
Book
Open Access
Design manual for accessibility and the inclusive use of cultural heritage: from human functioning to the functioning of cultural places
Bernacchia Monica, Biocca Luigi, Buzzi Marina, Capirci Olga, Caponera Federica, Carella Giuseppina, Ceccarani Patrizia, Cetorelli Gabriella, Contardi Anna, Della Fina Valentina, Di Renzo Alessio, Filetici Maria Grazia, Galesi Giulio, Genta Chiara, Gervasio Carmine Fernando, Grassini Aldo, Guido Manuel Roberto, Leporini Barbara, Luongo Mariajosè, Maglorio Massimo, Marino Carmen, Mezzelani Alessandra, Montuschi Carla, Pagano Alfonsina, Papi Luca, Pennacchi Barbara, Pietroni Eva, Ricci Enrico, Rossini Mauro, Russo Francesco Paolo, Schiavone Elisabetta, Schivo Flavia, Scianna Andrea, Trasatti Annalisa, Zanut Stefano
The English-language version of the Manual, presented in an expanded edition in March 2026, represents an update of the volume with two appendices that are part of the institutional series of Policy Briefs of the Department of Human and Social Sciences, Cultural Heritage (DSU) of the National Research Council (CNR). This new edition, in addition to gathering the salient aspects of "universal design," starting from the concept of the functioning of individuals to the functioning of cultural places, presents additional current aspects through documents that summarize the results of research on relevant topics and their implications for policy and social debate. In the first addendum, the choice was to explore the issues of appropriate, respectful, and correct language regarding accessibility based on Legislative Decree 62/2024, centered on a "Person First" vision, as enshrined by the World Health Organization (2001) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). The second document proposes an integrated approach to accessible trails, understood as landscape experiences to be enjoyed independently and safely, capable of meeting the needs of each individual
Bernacchia Monica, Biocca Luigi, Buzzi Marina, Capirci Olga, Caponera Federica, Carella Giuseppina, Ceccarani Patrizia, Cetorelli Gabriella, Contardi Anna, Della Fina Valentina, Di Renzo Alessio, Filetici Maria Grazia, Galesi Giulio, Genta Chiara, Gervasio Carmine Fernando, Grassini Aldo, Guido Manuel Roberto, Leporini Barbara, Luongo Mariajosè, Maglorio Massimo, Marino Carmen, Mezzelani Alessandra, Montuschi Carla, Pagano Alfonsina, Papi Luca, Pennacchi Barbara, Pietroni Eva, Ricci Enrico, Rossini Mauro, Russo Francesco Paolo, Schiavone Elisabetta, Schivo Flavia, Scianna Andrea, Trasatti Annalisa, Zanut Stefano
The English-language version of the Manual, presented in an expanded edition in March 2026, represents an update of the volume with two appendices that are part of the institutional series of Policy Briefs of the Department of Human and Social Sciences, Cultural Heritage (DSU) of the National Research Council (CNR). This new edition, in addition to gathering the salient aspects of "universal design," starting from the concept of the functioning of individuals to the functioning of cultural places, presents additional current aspects through documents that summarize the results of research on relevant topics and their implications for policy and social debate. In the first addendum, the choice was to explore the issues of appropriate, respectful, and correct language regarding accessibility based on Legislative Decree 62/2024, centered on a "Person First" vision, as enshrined by the World Health Organization (2001) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). The second document proposes an integrated approach to accessible trails, understood as landscape experiences to be enjoyed independently and safely, capable of meeting the needs of each individual
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.dsu.cnr.it | CNR IRIS
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Per un ruolo attivo degli Enti Pubblici di Ricerca nell'archeologia preventiva: il caso di Ugento (LE), tra ricerca, tutela e archeologia pubblica
Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
This paper examines the evolution of preventive archaeology in Italy, proposing a shift from bureaucratic routines to participatory territorial planning. It highlights the proactive role of Public Research Bodies, specifically the ISPC-CNR (Archaeological Mapping Laboratory), within the Ugento (LE) case study under the PNRR Project CHANGES. The ISPC-CNR serves as a strategic stakeholder, managing the complexities of “archaeological incidents” through synergies with local administrations and heritage authorities. By adopting the principles of the 2005 Faro Convention and public archaeology, the Institute promotes a model of integrated conservation. The research demonstrates how scientific inquiry can drive urban regeneration and social cohesion, transforming archaeological data into shared value. Ultimately, the Ugento case illustrates how preventive archaeology fosters sustainable development by ensuring accessibility, inclusivity, and social responsibility for heritage communitiesSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 475-507. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
This paper examines the evolution of preventive archaeology in Italy, proposing a shift from bureaucratic routines to participatory territorial planning. It highlights the proactive role of Public Research Bodies, specifically the ISPC-CNR (Archaeological Mapping Laboratory), within the Ugento (LE) case study under the PNRR Project CHANGES. The ISPC-CNR serves as a strategic stakeholder, managing the complexities of “archaeological incidents” through synergies with local administrations and heritage authorities. By adopting the principles of the 2005 Faro Convention and public archaeology, the Institute promotes a model of integrated conservation. The research demonstrates how scientific inquiry can drive urban regeneration and social cohesion, transforming archaeological data into shared value. Ultimately, the Ugento case illustrates how preventive archaeology fosters sustainable development by ensuring accessibility, inclusivity, and social responsibility for heritage communitiesSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 475-507. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Multiscale Digital Survey and HBIM-GIS Integration for the Conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya (Morocco)
Gigliarelli E., Cangi G., Cessari L., Cursi S., El Khoury C., El Ganadi C., Verticchio E., Pola A. P., Vecchiotti A., Martinelli L., Calcerano F.
This paper presents the development and validation of a multiscale digital workflow to document and support the conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya, a coastal fortified complex located at the mouth of the Sebou River (northern Morocco). Data acquisition integrates UAV survey (photogrammetry and aerial LiDAR) to capture site morphology and topography, SLAM-based mobile mapping for rapid point-cloud acquisition in GPS-denied or partially constrained areas, and high-resolution terrestrial imagery, including spherical panoramas, to enhance material and decay interpretation. The datasets are processed, filtered, and aligned to generate georeferenced orthophotos and dense point clouds that feed a scan-to-HBIM pipeline. HBIM models are structured as semantic repositories of construction phases (12th–17th centuries), traditional materials, and mapped decay patterns, and are exported through interoperable standards (e.g., IFC) to enable integration within a GIS geodatabase. The resulting HBIM–GIS environment supports multiscale spatial queries, correlation analyses between observed pathologies and key coastal environmental drivers (e.g., sea-salt aerosol exposure and vegetation colonisation), and the progressive validation and refinement of pre-existing territorial datasets through “as-built” survey data. Beyond format-level interoperability, the approach treats geo-referencing consistency and data reliability as prerequisites for a transferable heritage digital twin bridging architectural and territorial scales. Finally, it lays the groundwork for participatory dissemination through a WebGIS interface and immersive visualisation tools to support evidence-based, time-sensitive conservation strategies.Source: INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. XLVIII-2/W12 (2026), pp. 159-165
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w12-2026-159-2026
Project(s): Studio, conservazione e valorizzazione delle Kasbah in Marocco
Metrics:
Gigliarelli E., Cangi G., Cessari L., Cursi S., El Khoury C., El Ganadi C., Verticchio E., Pola A. P., Vecchiotti A., Martinelli L., Calcerano F.
This paper presents the development and validation of a multiscale digital workflow to document and support the conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya, a coastal fortified complex located at the mouth of the Sebou River (northern Morocco). Data acquisition integrates UAV survey (photogrammetry and aerial LiDAR) to capture site morphology and topography, SLAM-based mobile mapping for rapid point-cloud acquisition in GPS-denied or partially constrained areas, and high-resolution terrestrial imagery, including spherical panoramas, to enhance material and decay interpretation. The datasets are processed, filtered, and aligned to generate georeferenced orthophotos and dense point clouds that feed a scan-to-HBIM pipeline. HBIM models are structured as semantic repositories of construction phases (12th–17th centuries), traditional materials, and mapped decay patterns, and are exported through interoperable standards (e.g., IFC) to enable integration within a GIS geodatabase. The resulting HBIM–GIS environment supports multiscale spatial queries, correlation analyses between observed pathologies and key coastal environmental drivers (e.g., sea-salt aerosol exposure and vegetation colonisation), and the progressive validation and refinement of pre-existing territorial datasets through “as-built” survey data. Beyond format-level interoperability, the approach treats geo-referencing consistency and data reliability as prerequisites for a transferable heritage digital twin bridging architectural and territorial scales. Finally, it lays the groundwork for participatory dissemination through a WebGIS interface and immersive visualisation tools to support evidence-based, time-sensitive conservation strategies.Source: INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. XLVIII-2/W12 (2026), pp. 159-165
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w12-2026-159-2026
Project(s): Studio, conservazione e valorizzazione delle Kasbah in Marocco
Metrics:
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Lo scavo della cinta muraria messapica in località Armino e Cupa (Ugento, LE)
Scardozzi G., Di Benedetto N., Miccoli I.
This paper focuses on the results of recent excavations of long stretches of the Messapian city walls in Ugento, carried out in the sites of Armino and Cupa, located in the south-eastern and south-western corners of the circuit, respectively. In the first area, a stretch 40 m long was brought to light, documenting a structure, mostly demolished, built with large square blocks. In the second area, two stretches, 130 m (“Area Sud”) and 100 m (“Area Nord”) long, were unearthed, documenting a structure with curtain walls made of large square blocks and an emplekton core. Specifically, in the Cupa area, the excavations allowed for the identification of at least two construction phases, dating to the mid-4th century BC and the late 4th-early 3rd century BC. This enabled an examination of the different construction techniques used for the outer and inner curtain walls of the fortifications and a definition of their use up to the Hannibalic War. Furthermore, archaeological investigations led to the discovery of numerous weapons (lead sling bullets and iron dart tips attributable to scorpio-type throwing machines) connected to the Roman assault on the city, likely around 209 BC, following the defection of the Uzentini from their alliance with Rome in favour of Hannibal (213/212 BC). Finally, the excavations also documented the subsequent demolition of the city walls after this episode which marks the definitive Roman conquest of the citySource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 77-103. Santadi, 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Scardozzi G., Di Benedetto N., Miccoli I.
This paper focuses on the results of recent excavations of long stretches of the Messapian city walls in Ugento, carried out in the sites of Armino and Cupa, located in the south-eastern and south-western corners of the circuit, respectively. In the first area, a stretch 40 m long was brought to light, documenting a structure, mostly demolished, built with large square blocks. In the second area, two stretches, 130 m (“Area Sud”) and 100 m (“Area Nord”) long, were unearthed, documenting a structure with curtain walls made of large square blocks and an emplekton core. Specifically, in the Cupa area, the excavations allowed for the identification of at least two construction phases, dating to the mid-4th century BC and the late 4th-early 3rd century BC. This enabled an examination of the different construction techniques used for the outer and inner curtain walls of the fortifications and a definition of their use up to the Hannibalic War. Furthermore, archaeological investigations led to the discovery of numerous weapons (lead sling bullets and iron dart tips attributable to scorpio-type throwing machines) connected to the Roman assault on the city, likely around 209 BC, following the defection of the Uzentini from their alliance with Rome in favour of Hannibal (213/212 BC). Finally, the excavations also documented the subsequent demolition of the city walls after this episode which marks the definitive Roman conquest of the citySource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 77-103. Santadi, 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
2026
Other
Open Access
Interactive Digital Heritage Applications as a Transformative Caring Experience
Veggi M., Von Gal A., Bonifazi F., Massidda M., Cerato I., D'Annibale E., Ferdani D., Taurino F., Zecca D., Nori R., Piccardi L., Pescarin S.
This study investigates whether persuasive technologies can foster visitor care for cultural heritage. Building on HCI principles and museum learning research, it presents the validation of the PERCEIVE Care Framework through Echoes of Loss, an interactive prototype developed within the Horizon Europe PERCEIVE project. The experience addresses lost polychromy in Graeco-Roman statues, using the Temple of Isis in Pompeii as a case study. Evaluated across three distinct settings, the study contributes practical design principles for curators and designers seeking to create meaningful, care-oriented digital heritage experiences.DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7536579
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
Veggi M., Von Gal A., Bonifazi F., Massidda M., Cerato I., D'Annibale E., Ferdani D., Taurino F., Zecca D., Nori R., Piccardi L., Pescarin S.
This study investigates whether persuasive technologies can foster visitor care for cultural heritage. Building on HCI principles and museum learning research, it presents the validation of the PERCEIVE Care Framework through Echoes of Loss, an interactive prototype developed within the Horizon Europe PERCEIVE project. The experience addresses lost polychromy in Graeco-Roman statues, using the Temple of Isis in Pompeii as a case study. Evaluated across three distinct settings, the study contributes practical design principles for curators and designers seeking to create meaningful, care-oriented digital heritage experiences.DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7536579
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Methods and Workflows for Colour Change Modelling and Reconstruction
Yoko Arteaga, Cristiana Barandoni, Lucia Burgio, David Buti, Irina-Mihaela Ciortan, Brenda Doherty, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, Catlin Langford, Donata Magrini, Letizia Monico, Catarina Pinto, Irina Crina Anca Sandu, Faïçal Selka, Saptarshi Neil Sinha, Panagiotis Siozos, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Giorgio Trumpy
This chapter presents end-to-end methodologies and workflows for modelling, reconstructing, and communicating colour change in cultural heritage across four scenarios: classical sculpture, paintings, historical textiles, and early colour photographs/films. We couple experimental mock-ups, created with chemically appropriate pigments/dyes, with computational imaging and appearance modelling to realistically capture the evolution of the aging process. For sculpture, we propose an atlas-based segmentation and semantic shading pipeline that transfers measured appearance from mock-ups to 3D models, enabling virtual reconstructions of lost polychromy. For paintings, we introduce a dual pathway to predict and visualize light-induced discolouration: a photochemical model linked to radiant exposure and a data-driven spectral unmixing approach; both are demonstrated on Edvard Munch’s The Scream (ca. 1910), and further supported by corrections of archival colour film records. For textiles, we implement appearance-aware 3D restoration and fading simulation, integrating spectral unmixing with multi-temporal photographic documentation to visualize past states and forecast future fading. Finally, for early colour photographs, we present high-magnification multispectral imaging for the recovery of colour in faded autochromes, neural methods for repairing the bleeding of the green dye in some autochromes, and lastly, a refined digital decoding strategy for Kodacolor lenticular film. Together, these methods bridge analytical evidence, appearance capture, and perceptual visualization, providing reproducible, decision-support tools for conservation, display, and public engagement.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16450, pp. 1-56
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17700-1_1
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
Yoko Arteaga, Cristiana Barandoni, Lucia Burgio, David Buti, Irina-Mihaela Ciortan, Brenda Doherty, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, Catlin Langford, Donata Magrini, Letizia Monico, Catarina Pinto, Irina Crina Anca Sandu, Faïçal Selka, Saptarshi Neil Sinha, Panagiotis Siozos, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Giorgio Trumpy
This chapter presents end-to-end methodologies and workflows for modelling, reconstructing, and communicating colour change in cultural heritage across four scenarios: classical sculpture, paintings, historical textiles, and early colour photographs/films. We couple experimental mock-ups, created with chemically appropriate pigments/dyes, with computational imaging and appearance modelling to realistically capture the evolution of the aging process. For sculpture, we propose an atlas-based segmentation and semantic shading pipeline that transfers measured appearance from mock-ups to 3D models, enabling virtual reconstructions of lost polychromy. For paintings, we introduce a dual pathway to predict and visualize light-induced discolouration: a photochemical model linked to radiant exposure and a data-driven spectral unmixing approach; both are demonstrated on Edvard Munch’s The Scream (ca. 1910), and further supported by corrections of archival colour film records. For textiles, we implement appearance-aware 3D restoration and fading simulation, integrating spectral unmixing with multi-temporal photographic documentation to visualize past states and forecast future fading. Finally, for early colour photographs, we present high-magnification multispectral imaging for the recovery of colour in faded autochromes, neural methods for repairing the bleeding of the green dye in some autochromes, and lastly, a refined digital decoding strategy for Kodacolor lenticular film. Together, these methods bridge analytical evidence, appearance capture, and perceptual visualization, providing reproducible, decision-support tools for conservation, display, and public engagement.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16450, pp. 1-56
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17700-1_1
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | CNR IRIS
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Mobilità umana, ambiente naturale e interazioni socio-culturali e commerciali su lunga distanza nell’età del Bronzo in Eurasia
Bonora G. L.
Archaeological cultures of the protohistoric Eurasian steppes comprised a vast and heterogeneous mix of mobile pastoralist groups – herders of large flocks of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels – alon- gside mining communities engaged in the extraction of copper ores (notably malachite and lazurite), and seasonal cultivators of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). .ese communities established extensive socio-cultural and commercial interactions with the sedentary agricultural populations of the Iranian plateau and adjacent regions, reaching as far as Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, already in the Copper Age and more intensively during the Bronze Age. .e domestication of the horse and the Bactrian camel, and their subsequent di*usion across vast portions of Eurasia during the 4th-3rd millennia BCE, marked the emergence of a new agrarian and pastoral regime. .is development enhanced long-di- stance mobility between northern and southern regions, enabled the crossing of the expansive Eurasian steppe zone and the inhospitable deserts of the Kara-Kum and Kyzyl-Kum, and facilitated the formation of a continental network of exchange as early as the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). .rough this network, knowledge, skills, and innovations circulated widely, millennia prior to the establishment of the Silk Road.
Bonora G. L.
Archaeological cultures of the protohistoric Eurasian steppes comprised a vast and heterogeneous mix of mobile pastoralist groups – herders of large flocks of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels – alon- gside mining communities engaged in the extraction of copper ores (notably malachite and lazurite), and seasonal cultivators of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). .ese communities established extensive socio-cultural and commercial interactions with the sedentary agricultural populations of the Iranian plateau and adjacent regions, reaching as far as Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, already in the Copper Age and more intensively during the Bronze Age. .e domestication of the horse and the Bactrian camel, and their subsequent di*usion across vast portions of Eurasia during the 4th-3rd millennia BCE, marked the emergence of a new agrarian and pastoral regime. .is development enhanced long-di- stance mobility between northern and southern regions, enabled the crossing of the expansive Eurasian steppe zone and the inhospitable deserts of the Kara-Kum and Kyzyl-Kum, and facilitated the formation of a continental network of exchange as early as the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). .rough this network, knowledge, skills, and innovations circulated widely, millennia prior to the establishment of the Silk Road.
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Heritage in Transition: A Systematic Review of HBIM–LCA Integration Towards Sustainable Conservation
Cipriani G., Cui De Lian C., Cursi S., Morganti M., D'Amico A.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are increasingly integrated to support environmental assessment in the built environment. However, applications to existing and heritage buildings remain fragmented, and the contribution of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Life Cycle Assessment is still poorly defined. This study presents a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, combining bibliometric, thematic and workflow-oriented analyses. Studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria based on relevance to HBIM-LCA integration. Three main BIM–LCA workflow typologies are identified: manual/export-based, plug-in-based and IFC-enabled interoperability approaches. While these workflows have progressively improved automation and data exchange, their application to existing and heritage buildings remains largely scenario-driven and focused on comparing refurbishment, retrofit, adaptive reuse and reconstruction alternatives. The review shows that HBIM distinctive contribution does not lie in environmental calculation methods, but in its ability to structure knowledge related to existing assets, including conservation state, intervention history, information provenance, uncertainty and life cycle transformations. However, current HBIM information structures remain only partially aligned with LCA requirements, particularly regarding service life, end-of-life scenarios and knowledge management. Semantic technologies emerge as a promising pathway towards knowledge-level interoperability. Limitations are related to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies and the predominance of qualitative evidence. Digital-Green Heritage Workflows integrating HBIM, LCA and semantic technologies enable more transparent, life cycle-oriented and sustainable heritage conservation.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 18 (issue 17)
DOI: 10.3390/su18178665
Metrics:
Cipriani G., Cui De Lian C., Cursi S., Morganti M., D'Amico A.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are increasingly integrated to support environmental assessment in the built environment. However, applications to existing and heritage buildings remain fragmented, and the contribution of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Life Cycle Assessment is still poorly defined. This study presents a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, combining bibliometric, thematic and workflow-oriented analyses. Studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria based on relevance to HBIM-LCA integration. Three main BIM–LCA workflow typologies are identified: manual/export-based, plug-in-based and IFC-enabled interoperability approaches. While these workflows have progressively improved automation and data exchange, their application to existing and heritage buildings remains largely scenario-driven and focused on comparing refurbishment, retrofit, adaptive reuse and reconstruction alternatives. The review shows that HBIM distinctive contribution does not lie in environmental calculation methods, but in its ability to structure knowledge related to existing assets, including conservation state, intervention history, information provenance, uncertainty and life cycle transformations. However, current HBIM information structures remain only partially aligned with LCA requirements, particularly regarding service life, end-of-life scenarios and knowledge management. Semantic technologies emerge as a promising pathway towards knowledge-level interoperability. Limitations are related to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies and the predominance of qualitative evidence. Digital-Green Heritage Workflows integrating HBIM, LCA and semantic technologies enable more transparent, life cycle-oriented and sustainable heritage conservation.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 18 (issue 17)
DOI: 10.3390/su18178665
Metrics:
2026
Other
Open Access
H2IOSC Booklet: Strengthening Research Infrastructures Consolidating the Federation
Iachello S., Spinelli F., Pedonese G., Melaccio D., Degl'Innocenti E., Colautti V.
This booklet presents the H2IOSC (Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud) initiative, focusing on its role in strengthening research infrastructures and consolidating a national federation within the Social Sciences and Humanities domain. Coordinated by the Italian National Research Council (CNR), H2IOSC brings together leading European Research Infrastructures to create an integrated, collaborative ecosystem for digital research. By federating distributed resources, services, and expertise, H2IOSC enhances the accessibility, interoperability, and sustainability of research infrastructures, enabling coordinated access to tools, datasets, and advanced technologies. The booklet illustrates how this federated approach supports diverse user communities—including researchers, cultural institutions, and industry stakeholders—through a unified entry point and a comprehensive portfolio of digital, enabling, and training services. Particular attention is given to the processes that underpin infrastructure strengthening, including service validation, technological maturity assessment, and user-driven evaluation activities. These mechanisms contribute to improving service quality, aligning technological development with user needs, and ensuring long-term impact. The publication also outlines the Cluster’s strategic vision for consolidating the federation, expanding its user base, and fostering partnerships across research, culture, and the private sector, reinforcing its role within the European Open Science ecosystem.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19628513
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628513
Project(s): Humanities and cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
Metrics:
Iachello S., Spinelli F., Pedonese G., Melaccio D., Degl'Innocenti E., Colautti V.
This booklet presents the H2IOSC (Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud) initiative, focusing on its role in strengthening research infrastructures and consolidating a national federation within the Social Sciences and Humanities domain. Coordinated by the Italian National Research Council (CNR), H2IOSC brings together leading European Research Infrastructures to create an integrated, collaborative ecosystem for digital research. By federating distributed resources, services, and expertise, H2IOSC enhances the accessibility, interoperability, and sustainability of research infrastructures, enabling coordinated access to tools, datasets, and advanced technologies. The booklet illustrates how this federated approach supports diverse user communities—including researchers, cultural institutions, and industry stakeholders—through a unified entry point and a comprehensive portfolio of digital, enabling, and training services. Particular attention is given to the processes that underpin infrastructure strengthening, including service validation, technological maturity assessment, and user-driven evaluation activities. These mechanisms contribute to improving service quality, aligning technological development with user needs, and ensuring long-term impact. The publication also outlines the Cluster’s strategic vision for consolidating the federation, expanding its user base, and fostering partnerships across research, culture, and the private sector, reinforcing its role within the European Open Science ecosystem.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19628513
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628513
Project(s): Humanities and cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
Metrics:
2026
Book
Open Access
Approcci multidisciplinari alla conoscenza dei paesaggi storici
Bettelli Marco, Botto Massimo, Scardozzi Giuseppe, Tirabassi Livia
Il volume raccoglie i contributi presentati in occasione del Convegno Internazionale “Approcci multidisciplinari alla conoscenza dei paesaggi storici” tenutosi a Santadi (SU) il 10-11 settembre 2025, presso l’accogliente Cantina Santadi. Tale incontro ha costituito l’occasione per illustrare i principali risultati raggiunti dall’Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISPC-CNR) nel corso delle attività relative al Progetto PNRR PE20 CHANGES (Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society) - Spoke 1 (Historical Landscapes, Traditions and Cultural Identities) . Quest’ultimo, coordinato dall’Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” (Responsabile Scientifico Prof. Giuliano Volpe), è stato dedicato allo studio dei paesaggi storici italiani, caratterizzati da una complessa stratificazione scaturita dalla millenaria interazione tra uomo e natura, attraverso approcci multidisciplinari di ricerca che spaziano dall’archeologia alla storia del paesaggio, includendo misure preventive per gestire le trasformazioni territoriali; nell’ambito dello Spoke 1, inoltre, un ruolo molto importante è stato anche attribuito al coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella conservazione dei paesaggi storici, in linea con le convenzioni europee che sottolineano il ruolo della percezione comunitaria nella tutela del patrimonio. In particolare, le attività dell’ISPC-CNR hanno coinvolto numerosi ricercatori impegnati nell’ambito del WP1 (History and Global Archaeology of Stratified Landscapes) e del WP3 (Multidisciplinary approaches to historical landscapes and archaeological mapping, preventive archaeology and study of territorial transformations). Il WP1 è stato dedicato allo studio dei paesaggi urbani, rurali, costieri e subacquei con un approccio stratigrafico, contestuale e diacronico per la tutela, la valorizzazione, l’inclusione, la gestione e il turismo culturale, anche con un focus sulla sostenibilità e sui cambiamenti climatici. In questo contesto generale, si inseriscono le ricerche condotte dall’ISPC-CNR sull’insediamento fenicio-punico di Pani Loriga e per la realizzazione atlante informatizzato dei siti dell’età del Bronzo in Italia, oltre che quelle sulla biodiversità viticola storica tra Campania e Basilicata. Il WP3 è stato invece dedicato allo studio diacronico delle trasformazioni territoriali, a supporto dell’archeologia preventiva e della produzione di cartografie archeologiche digitali integrate in progetti GIS open data, che costituiscono catasti georeferenziati di resti antichi in contesti urbani e territoriali da utilizzare per la ricostruzione storica e come base di conoscenza a supporto delle politiche di pianificazione consapevole (conscious planning) e per attuare interventi di tutela e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale. In quest’ambito, si inseriscono le ricerche condotte dall’ISPC-CNR per la redazione delle carte archeologiche di Masseria Vicentino, Lecce e Ugento, oltre che quelle dedicate allo studio e alla valorizzazione del patrimonio archeologico del territorio di Forum Novum, nella Sabina Tiberina, e alla mappatura degli ordigni inesplosi nell’area dell’ex Poligono delle Vaude, presso Torino. Il Convegno di Santadi ha anche costituito l’occasione per celebrare i vent’anni della missione archeologica del CNR sul sito di Pani Loriga e per tale ragione sono stati previsti anche vari interventi dedicati all’archeologia della Sardegna sud-occidentale. Il volume si articola in quattro parti, che corrispondo alle sessioni del Convegno. La prima è dedicata agli scavi archeologici e agli studi di archeologia del paesaggio e comprende contributi su Pani Loriga, Ugento, Gubbio, Tharros e Nora. La seconda riguarda invece una serie di casi di studio incentrati sulla realizzazione di GIS, geodatabase e cartografie archeologiche, includendo, oltre a Pani Loriga e Ugento, anche Lecce, Masseria Vicentino, la Sabina Tiberina, l’altopiano di Abbasanta e la Valle dei Nuraghi; ulteriori contributi sono rivolti al già menzionato atlante informatizzato dei siti dell’età del Bronzo in Italia, all’analisi dei rapporti tra le due sponde dell’Adriatico nel III millennio a.C. e tra Basso Tirreno e Sicilia nell’età del Bronzo. La terza parte approfondisce vari aspetti legati allo sfruttamento delle risorse naturali e al rapporto uomo-ambiente, con particolare riferimento al territorio di Nora, oggetto di uno studio bioarcheologico, ai palmenti rupestri della Sardegna centro-occidentale, alla biodiversità viticola dell’Italia meridionale e alle cave di materiali lapidei del territorio di Siponto. Infine, la quarta e ultima parte è dedicata all’archeologia preventiva e alla messa in sicurezza del territorio, con casi di studio relativi a Ugento e all’ex Campo d’Istruzione Militare delle Vaude.Source: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54
Bettelli Marco, Botto Massimo, Scardozzi Giuseppe, Tirabassi Livia
Il volume raccoglie i contributi presentati in occasione del Convegno Internazionale “Approcci multidisciplinari alla conoscenza dei paesaggi storici” tenutosi a Santadi (SU) il 10-11 settembre 2025, presso l’accogliente Cantina Santadi. Tale incontro ha costituito l’occasione per illustrare i principali risultati raggiunti dall’Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISPC-CNR) nel corso delle attività relative al Progetto PNRR PE20 CHANGES (Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society) - Spoke 1 (Historical Landscapes, Traditions and Cultural Identities) . Quest’ultimo, coordinato dall’Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” (Responsabile Scientifico Prof. Giuliano Volpe), è stato dedicato allo studio dei paesaggi storici italiani, caratterizzati da una complessa stratificazione scaturita dalla millenaria interazione tra uomo e natura, attraverso approcci multidisciplinari di ricerca che spaziano dall’archeologia alla storia del paesaggio, includendo misure preventive per gestire le trasformazioni territoriali; nell’ambito dello Spoke 1, inoltre, un ruolo molto importante è stato anche attribuito al coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella conservazione dei paesaggi storici, in linea con le convenzioni europee che sottolineano il ruolo della percezione comunitaria nella tutela del patrimonio. In particolare, le attività dell’ISPC-CNR hanno coinvolto numerosi ricercatori impegnati nell’ambito del WP1 (History and Global Archaeology of Stratified Landscapes) e del WP3 (Multidisciplinary approaches to historical landscapes and archaeological mapping, preventive archaeology and study of territorial transformations). Il WP1 è stato dedicato allo studio dei paesaggi urbani, rurali, costieri e subacquei con un approccio stratigrafico, contestuale e diacronico per la tutela, la valorizzazione, l’inclusione, la gestione e il turismo culturale, anche con un focus sulla sostenibilità e sui cambiamenti climatici. In questo contesto generale, si inseriscono le ricerche condotte dall’ISPC-CNR sull’insediamento fenicio-punico di Pani Loriga e per la realizzazione atlante informatizzato dei siti dell’età del Bronzo in Italia, oltre che quelle sulla biodiversità viticola storica tra Campania e Basilicata. Il WP3 è stato invece dedicato allo studio diacronico delle trasformazioni territoriali, a supporto dell’archeologia preventiva e della produzione di cartografie archeologiche digitali integrate in progetti GIS open data, che costituiscono catasti georeferenziati di resti antichi in contesti urbani e territoriali da utilizzare per la ricostruzione storica e come base di conoscenza a supporto delle politiche di pianificazione consapevole (conscious planning) e per attuare interventi di tutela e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale. In quest’ambito, si inseriscono le ricerche condotte dall’ISPC-CNR per la redazione delle carte archeologiche di Masseria Vicentino, Lecce e Ugento, oltre che quelle dedicate allo studio e alla valorizzazione del patrimonio archeologico del territorio di Forum Novum, nella Sabina Tiberina, e alla mappatura degli ordigni inesplosi nell’area dell’ex Poligono delle Vaude, presso Torino. Il Convegno di Santadi ha anche costituito l’occasione per celebrare i vent’anni della missione archeologica del CNR sul sito di Pani Loriga e per tale ragione sono stati previsti anche vari interventi dedicati all’archeologia della Sardegna sud-occidentale. Il volume si articola in quattro parti, che corrispondo alle sessioni del Convegno. La prima è dedicata agli scavi archeologici e agli studi di archeologia del paesaggio e comprende contributi su Pani Loriga, Ugento, Gubbio, Tharros e Nora. La seconda riguarda invece una serie di casi di studio incentrati sulla realizzazione di GIS, geodatabase e cartografie archeologiche, includendo, oltre a Pani Loriga e Ugento, anche Lecce, Masseria Vicentino, la Sabina Tiberina, l’altopiano di Abbasanta e la Valle dei Nuraghi; ulteriori contributi sono rivolti al già menzionato atlante informatizzato dei siti dell’età del Bronzo in Italia, all’analisi dei rapporti tra le due sponde dell’Adriatico nel III millennio a.C. e tra Basso Tirreno e Sicilia nell’età del Bronzo. La terza parte approfondisce vari aspetti legati allo sfruttamento delle risorse naturali e al rapporto uomo-ambiente, con particolare riferimento al territorio di Nora, oggetto di uno studio bioarcheologico, ai palmenti rupestri della Sardegna centro-occidentale, alla biodiversità viticola dell’Italia meridionale e alle cave di materiali lapidei del territorio di Siponto. Infine, la quarta e ultima parte è dedicata all’archeologia preventiva e alla messa in sicurezza del territorio, con casi di studio relativi a Ugento e all’ex Campo d’Istruzione Militare delle Vaude.Source: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Extending Civic Participation (in Public Spaces)
Clay A., Bonanno V., Bonifazi F., Fedon C. G., Pescarin S.
In this chapter we analyse how digital applications dedicated to coloured collection could enhance civic participation through the Open Space Museum prototype, curiosity and social cohesion. The first section deals with the Open Space Museum, designed by Arthur Clay and N55, that features a portable, modular exhibition showcasing diverse artworks to foster public engagement and artistic interaction. It includes Case Study and Chroma Elements, AR technology, and engagement applications, creating a versatile, immersive, and pandemic-ready cultural space that extends traditional museum hours. The second part focuses on how curiosity can foster civic participation by prompting exploration and learning. It transforms from a negative trait to a valued tool for motivation, encouraging people to resolve uncertainties and seek knowledge. Berlyne’s concept of curiosity defines it as a response to environmental complexity and gaps in knowledge, leading to active inquiry. This positive feedback loop aids engagement in cultural heritage, supported by PERCEIVE’s curiosity-driven interactive design. CNR researchers conducted a four-day campaign at MANN in June 2023, digitizing statues with polychromy traces and analyzing public curiosity. Visitors participated in guided tours, viewing diagnostic techniques and 3D acquisition, which sparked high interest in ancient sculpture coloration, diagnostic methods, and digital reconstruction. The last section is dedicated to Social cohesion, essential for stable relationships in society. Encouraging civic participation through cultural activities strengthens democracy and fosters community connections, bridging social boundaries and empowering citizens to feel engaged and cohesive within their communities.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 15750, pp. 162-183
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-07792-9_5
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
Clay A., Bonanno V., Bonifazi F., Fedon C. G., Pescarin S.
In this chapter we analyse how digital applications dedicated to coloured collection could enhance civic participation through the Open Space Museum prototype, curiosity and social cohesion. The first section deals with the Open Space Museum, designed by Arthur Clay and N55, that features a portable, modular exhibition showcasing diverse artworks to foster public engagement and artistic interaction. It includes Case Study and Chroma Elements, AR technology, and engagement applications, creating a versatile, immersive, and pandemic-ready cultural space that extends traditional museum hours. The second part focuses on how curiosity can foster civic participation by prompting exploration and learning. It transforms from a negative trait to a valued tool for motivation, encouraging people to resolve uncertainties and seek knowledge. Berlyne’s concept of curiosity defines it as a response to environmental complexity and gaps in knowledge, leading to active inquiry. This positive feedback loop aids engagement in cultural heritage, supported by PERCEIVE’s curiosity-driven interactive design. CNR researchers conducted a four-day campaign at MANN in June 2023, digitizing statues with polychromy traces and analyzing public curiosity. Visitors participated in guided tours, viewing diagnostic techniques and 3D acquisition, which sparked high interest in ancient sculpture coloration, diagnostic methods, and digital reconstruction. The last section is dedicated to Social cohesion, essential for stable relationships in society. Encouraging civic participation through cultural activities strengthens democracy and fosters community connections, bridging social boundaries and empowering citizens to feel engaged and cohesive within their communities.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 15750, pp. 162-183
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-07792-9_5
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
See at:
Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza | CNR IRIS | Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza | Archivio della ricerca- Università di Roma La Sapienza | CNR IRIS
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Il Progetto Ugento Messapian City Walls: tra ricostruzione storica, archeologia pubblica e pianificazione consapevole
Miccoli I., Di Benedetto N., Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
The paper presents the results of recent excavations on the Messapian circuit walls of Ugento, carried out by the Archaeo logical Mapping Laboratory (ArchMapLab) of the ISPC-CNR within the PNRR CHANGES project. Stratigraphic investiga tions in the Armino locality (southeastern corner) and the Cupa locality (southwestern side), supported by geophysical surveys, have allowed for the identification of multiple construction phases, the reconstruction of building techniques, and the dating of the fortifications to the mid4th century BC, with their final use connected to the Roman siege during the Second Punic War. The study also underlines the relationship among the walls, the surrounding calcarenite quarries, and the urban and rural organisation of the territory. Battlefield layers outside the walls at Cupa – containing sling bullets and projectile points – provide direct material evidence of the Roman assault on Ugento after its alliance with Hannibal. From an institutional point of view, the paper shows how preventive and public archaeology practices in Ugento, developed in collaboration with SABAP BR-LE-TA and the Municipality of Ugento, have turned the excavation sites into spaces of participation, education, and local identity. The ongoing planning of the “Urban Park of the Messapian Walls”, centred on the Via Tasso section and including Cupa, Armino, and Vincenza/Aia, reflects a model of heritage-driven urban develop ment, where archaeological data become tools for sustainable planning rather than mere constraints.Source: ADRIAS, vol. 29, pp. 1-14
DOI: 10.4475/1724_6
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Metrics:
Miccoli I., Di Benedetto N., Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
The paper presents the results of recent excavations on the Messapian circuit walls of Ugento, carried out by the Archaeo logical Mapping Laboratory (ArchMapLab) of the ISPC-CNR within the PNRR CHANGES project. Stratigraphic investiga tions in the Armino locality (southeastern corner) and the Cupa locality (southwestern side), supported by geophysical surveys, have allowed for the identification of multiple construction phases, the reconstruction of building techniques, and the dating of the fortifications to the mid4th century BC, with their final use connected to the Roman siege during the Second Punic War. The study also underlines the relationship among the walls, the surrounding calcarenite quarries, and the urban and rural organisation of the territory. Battlefield layers outside the walls at Cupa – containing sling bullets and projectile points – provide direct material evidence of the Roman assault on Ugento after its alliance with Hannibal. From an institutional point of view, the paper shows how preventive and public archaeology practices in Ugento, developed in collaboration with SABAP BR-LE-TA and the Municipality of Ugento, have turned the excavation sites into spaces of participation, education, and local identity. The ongoing planning of the “Urban Park of the Messapian Walls”, centred on the Via Tasso section and including Cupa, Armino, and Vincenza/Aia, reflects a model of heritage-driven urban develop ment, where archaeological data become tools for sustainable planning rather than mere constraints.Source: ADRIAS, vol. 29, pp. 1-14
DOI: 10.4475/1724_6
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Metrics:
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Non-Invasive Assessment of Water-Based Gel Cleaning on a Capogrossi Oil Painting Using NMR-MOUSE
Noemi Proietti, Patrizia Moretti, Eleonora Maniccia, Paola Carnazza, Daphne De Luca, Costanza Miliani, Valeria Di Tullio
This study investigates water-based gel and gel-like cleaning treatments on Superficie 553, an oil painting on canvas by Giuseppe Capogrossi, using portable NMR to assess their impact. The objective was to evaluate the effects of four cleaning systems composed of a buffer solution released in free form and combined with xanthan gum, a cross-linked silicone polymer gel, and an agar gel matrix. Two distinct NMR experiments were conducted. The first involved the acquisition of 1H depth profiles to detect the distribution of the cleaning solution within the painted layer and the thickness variations resulting from cleaning procedures. The second employed the acquisition of relaxation times, facilitating the investigation of molecular mobility within the organic components of the paint layer. NMR results indicated that the agar gel system caused negligible structural changes, whereas the silicone gel induced rigidification, and the other systems permanently increased molecular mobility. These measurements provided insights into alterations in the dynamic behavior of the polymerized oil. A key strength of this investigation lies in the direct application of diagnostic methods on Superficie 553, made possible by the non-invasive nature and portability of the NMR-MOUSE system. Additionally, portable FTIR was used to detect residues and obtain chemical information, confirming that the silicone gel left detectable residues and identifying the agar gel as the most conservative cleaning method. This enabled in situ analysis of the original artwork without sampling or relocation—a crucial advantage given the difficulty of replicating the complex physicochemical conditions of historical paint surfaces under laboratory constraints. Such real-time, on-site monitoring ensured an authentic evaluation of the treatment effects, preserving the integrity of the artwork throughout the conservation process.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 9 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.3390/heritage9010030
Metrics:
Noemi Proietti, Patrizia Moretti, Eleonora Maniccia, Paola Carnazza, Daphne De Luca, Costanza Miliani, Valeria Di Tullio
This study investigates water-based gel and gel-like cleaning treatments on Superficie 553, an oil painting on canvas by Giuseppe Capogrossi, using portable NMR to assess their impact. The objective was to evaluate the effects of four cleaning systems composed of a buffer solution released in free form and combined with xanthan gum, a cross-linked silicone polymer gel, and an agar gel matrix. Two distinct NMR experiments were conducted. The first involved the acquisition of 1H depth profiles to detect the distribution of the cleaning solution within the painted layer and the thickness variations resulting from cleaning procedures. The second employed the acquisition of relaxation times, facilitating the investigation of molecular mobility within the organic components of the paint layer. NMR results indicated that the agar gel system caused negligible structural changes, whereas the silicone gel induced rigidification, and the other systems permanently increased molecular mobility. These measurements provided insights into alterations in the dynamic behavior of the polymerized oil. A key strength of this investigation lies in the direct application of diagnostic methods on Superficie 553, made possible by the non-invasive nature and portability of the NMR-MOUSE system. Additionally, portable FTIR was used to detect residues and obtain chemical information, confirming that the silicone gel left detectable residues and identifying the agar gel as the most conservative cleaning method. This enabled in situ analysis of the original artwork without sampling or relocation—a crucial advantage given the difficulty of replicating the complex physicochemical conditions of historical paint surfaces under laboratory constraints. Such real-time, on-site monitoring ensured an authentic evaluation of the treatment effects, preserving the integrity of the artwork throughout the conservation process.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 9 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.3390/heritage9010030
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.mdpi.com | CNR IRIS
2026
Journal article
Open Access
An Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Approach for Combining Sentinel 1 and 2 to Assess the Severity of Fires over Large Areas Using a Google Earth Engine
Riccardi C. G., Abate N., Lasaponara R.
Highlights What are the main findings? The integration of Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) data within a Google Earth Engine framework achieved a highly accurate burned area estimation, showing a minimal discrepancy of only 1.3% compared to official EFFIS records. Statistical analysis confirms strong correlations between SAR-based indices (RVI and DPSVI) and traditional optical metrics, validating the use of radar to assess fire severity in areas with frequent cloud or smoke obstruction. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed multi-sensor methodology provides a scalable and automated solution for large-scale wildfire monitoring, ensuring temporal continuity when optical sensors are limited by atmospheric conditions. Leveraging cloud computing and unsupervised machine learning (K-means) reduces reliance on manual interpretation, offering a robust tool for rapid post-fire damage assessment and global wildfire mitigation strategies.Highlights What are the main findings? The integration of Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) data within a Google Earth Engine framework achieved a highly accurate burned area estimation, showing a minimal discrepancy of only 1.3% compared to official EFFIS records. Statistical analysis confirms strong correlations between SAR-based indices (RVI and DPSVI) and traditional optical metrics, validating the use of radar to assess fire severity in areas with frequent cloud or smoke obstruction. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed multi-sensor methodology provides a scalable and automated solution for large-scale wildfire monitoring, ensuring temporal continuity when optical sensors are limited by atmospheric conditions. Leveraging cloud computing and unsupervised machine learning (K-means) reduces reliance on manual interpretation, offering a robust tool for rapid post-fire damage assessment and global wildfire mitigation strategies.Abstract Wildfires represent a significant global environmental challenge, necessitating advanced monitoring and assessment techniques. This study explores the integration of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical data within a Google Earth Engine (GEE) framework to enhance wildfire detection, burned area estimation, and severity assessment. By leveraging SAR's capability to penetrate atmospheric obstructions and optical data's spectral sensitivity to vegetation changes, the proposed methodology addresses limitations of single-sensor approaches. The results demonstrate strong correlations between SAR-based indices, such as the Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) and Dual-Polarized SAR Vegetation Index (DPSVI), and traditional optical indices, including the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and differenced NBR (Delta NBR). Despite challenges related to terrain influence, sensor resolution differences, and computational demands, the integration of multi-sensor data in a cloud-based environment offers a scalable and efficient solution for wildfire monitoring. During the peak of the fire events, significant atmospheric obstruction was technically verified using Sentinel-2 metadata and the QA60 cloud mask band, which confirmed persistent cloud cover and thick smoke plumes over the study areas. This interference limited the reliability of purely optical monitoring, further justifying the integration of SAR data.Future research should focus on refining data fusion techniques, incorporating additional datasets such as thermal infrared imagery and meteorological variables, and enhancing automation through artificial intelligence (AI). This study underscores the potential of remote sensing advancements in improving fire management strategies and global wildfire mitigation efforts.Source: REMOTE SENSING, vol. 18 (issue 6)
DOI: 10.3390/rs18060956
Metrics:
Riccardi C. G., Abate N., Lasaponara R.
Highlights What are the main findings? The integration of Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) data within a Google Earth Engine framework achieved a highly accurate burned area estimation, showing a minimal discrepancy of only 1.3% compared to official EFFIS records. Statistical analysis confirms strong correlations between SAR-based indices (RVI and DPSVI) and traditional optical metrics, validating the use of radar to assess fire severity in areas with frequent cloud or smoke obstruction. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed multi-sensor methodology provides a scalable and automated solution for large-scale wildfire monitoring, ensuring temporal continuity when optical sensors are limited by atmospheric conditions. Leveraging cloud computing and unsupervised machine learning (K-means) reduces reliance on manual interpretation, offering a robust tool for rapid post-fire damage assessment and global wildfire mitigation strategies.Highlights What are the main findings? The integration of Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) data within a Google Earth Engine framework achieved a highly accurate burned area estimation, showing a minimal discrepancy of only 1.3% compared to official EFFIS records. Statistical analysis confirms strong correlations between SAR-based indices (RVI and DPSVI) and traditional optical metrics, validating the use of radar to assess fire severity in areas with frequent cloud or smoke obstruction. What are the implications of the main findings? The proposed multi-sensor methodology provides a scalable and automated solution for large-scale wildfire monitoring, ensuring temporal continuity when optical sensors are limited by atmospheric conditions. Leveraging cloud computing and unsupervised machine learning (K-means) reduces reliance on manual interpretation, offering a robust tool for rapid post-fire damage assessment and global wildfire mitigation strategies.Abstract Wildfires represent a significant global environmental challenge, necessitating advanced monitoring and assessment techniques. This study explores the integration of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 optical data within a Google Earth Engine (GEE) framework to enhance wildfire detection, burned area estimation, and severity assessment. By leveraging SAR's capability to penetrate atmospheric obstructions and optical data's spectral sensitivity to vegetation changes, the proposed methodology addresses limitations of single-sensor approaches. The results demonstrate strong correlations between SAR-based indices, such as the Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) and Dual-Polarized SAR Vegetation Index (DPSVI), and traditional optical indices, including the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and differenced NBR (Delta NBR). Despite challenges related to terrain influence, sensor resolution differences, and computational demands, the integration of multi-sensor data in a cloud-based environment offers a scalable and efficient solution for wildfire monitoring. During the peak of the fire events, significant atmospheric obstruction was technically verified using Sentinel-2 metadata and the QA60 cloud mask band, which confirmed persistent cloud cover and thick smoke plumes over the study areas. This interference limited the reliability of purely optical monitoring, further justifying the integration of SAR data.Future research should focus on refining data fusion techniques, incorporating additional datasets such as thermal infrared imagery and meteorological variables, and enhancing automation through artificial intelligence (AI). This study underscores the potential of remote sensing advancements in improving fire management strategies and global wildfire mitigation efforts.Source: REMOTE SENSING, vol. 18 (issue 6)
DOI: 10.3390/rs18060956
Metrics:
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Il GIS della carta archeologica di Ugento (LE) e lo sviluppo storico della città tra l’età preistorica e quella medievale
Miccoli I., Scardozzi G.
In questo paper sono presentate tutte le attività di aggiornamento della carta archeologica di Ugento, che documenta la stratificazione urbana dall’epoca preistorica alla moderna, realizzate nell'ambito del progetto Changes. Tutti i dati acquisiti sono stati integrati in un geodatabase che oltre ad essere uno strumento di archiviazione normalizzata dei dati garantisce una tutela efficace e una pianificazione territoriale sostenibileSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 255-292. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Miccoli I., Scardozzi G.
In questo paper sono presentate tutte le attività di aggiornamento della carta archeologica di Ugento, che documenta la stratificazione urbana dall’epoca preistorica alla moderna, realizzate nell'ambito del progetto Changes. Tutti i dati acquisiti sono stati integrati in un geodatabase che oltre ad essere uno strumento di archiviazione normalizzata dei dati garantisce una tutela efficace e una pianificazione territoriale sostenibileSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 255-292. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Ugento (LE) tra sviluppo urbano, rinvenimenti archeologici, strumenti vincolistici
Ditaranto I., Scardozzi G., Fortinguerra F.
This paper explores the close relationship between archaeological research and urban development in Ugento, a site marked by partial continuity of occupation. Archaeological investigation has long been characterised by the absence of systematic and extensive research on the ancient settlement. Three main phases can be identified. The first, spanning from the mid-eightenth to the mid-twentieth century, consists of sporadic and chance discoveries, mainly funerary, in areas not yet affected by modern construction. The second phase, beginning after the Second World War, is characterised by an increase in small-scale rescue excavations carried out in response to accidental finds during public and private building activities, particularly intense in the 1980s and 1990s, alongside growing awareness and protection measures. The third phase corresponds to the past two decades, discoveries have largely resulted from preventive archaeology linked to construction and infrastructure works, leading to a significant expansion of knowledge, supported by the publication of the first archaeological map of the ancient settlement in 2021, updated in 2025.Source: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 445-474. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
Ditaranto I., Scardozzi G., Fortinguerra F.
This paper explores the close relationship between archaeological research and urban development in Ugento, a site marked by partial continuity of occupation. Archaeological investigation has long been characterised by the absence of systematic and extensive research on the ancient settlement. Three main phases can be identified. The first, spanning from the mid-eightenth to the mid-twentieth century, consists of sporadic and chance discoveries, mainly funerary, in areas not yet affected by modern construction. The second phase, beginning after the Second World War, is characterised by an increase in small-scale rescue excavations carried out in response to accidental finds during public and private building activities, particularly intense in the 1980s and 1990s, alongside growing awareness and protection measures. The third phase corresponds to the past two decades, discoveries have largely resulted from preventive archaeology linked to construction and infrastructure works, leading to a significant expansion of knowledge, supported by the publication of the first archaeological map of the ancient settlement in 2021, updated in 2025.Source: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 445-474. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Egyptian blue in etruscan funerary wall paintings: A multi-analytical study from the Monterozzi necropolis (Tarquinia)
Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Gloria Adinolfi, Alessia Boccuto, Alessandra Botteon, David Buti, Rodolfo Carmagnola, Maria Catrambone, Claudia Conti, Valeria Di Tullio, Loredana Luvidi, Sara Mattana, Costanza Miliani, Aldo Romani, Maria Cristina Tomassetti
The Monterozzi Necropolis in Tarquinia (Italy), a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the most important contexts for Etruscan wall painting, with over 100 decorated tombs dating from the 7th to the 3rd century BCE. Despite its significance, the materials and manufacturing techniques of these murals remain partially investigated. To address this, the ARANTH campaign (Archaeometric Research on Ancient Tarquinian Heritage), promoted by PACT (Archaeological Park of Cerveteri and Tarquinia), focuses on identifying and mapping Egyptian blue in five painted tombs. The campaign adopts an interdisciplinary approach integrating multi-analytical and imaging techniques, with the participation of Pegaso S.r.l. (Multispectral and Archaeometric studies on ancient Painting Project) and access to the MOLAB platform of E-RIHS.it (Italian node of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science). The study employed Visible-Induced Infrared Luminescence (VIL), VIS–NIR hyperspectral analysis, point-based visible fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV–VIS–NIR reflectance spectroscopy, and external reflection FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, the stratigraphic analysis of a micro-sample from the Tomba del Barone was thoroughly carried out. The results enabled the identification and mapping of Egyptian blue as both a primary pigment and as in combination with other pigments across green, red, blue, and whitish areas. Notably, a new application of micro-fluorescence in the near-infrared on cross-sections allowed the rapid localization of luminescent grains, which were then unequivocally identified by micro-Raman spectroscopy, providing new insights into the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue within the pictorial layers. Furthermore, in the Tomba del Barone azurite was identified in areas where traces of blue pigment were observed, representing the first documented occurrence of this pigment in Etruscan mural painting and offering novel evidence on pigment use and painting technology in Etruscan funerary contexts.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 79, pp. 345-360
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.04.009
Project(s): European Union-Next GenerationEU M4C2 Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud-H2IOSC, Molab
Metrics:
Annalaura Casanova Municchia, Gloria Adinolfi, Alessia Boccuto, Alessandra Botteon, David Buti, Rodolfo Carmagnola, Maria Catrambone, Claudia Conti, Valeria Di Tullio, Loredana Luvidi, Sara Mattana, Costanza Miliani, Aldo Romani, Maria Cristina Tomassetti
The Monterozzi Necropolis in Tarquinia (Italy), a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of the most important contexts for Etruscan wall painting, with over 100 decorated tombs dating from the 7th to the 3rd century BCE. Despite its significance, the materials and manufacturing techniques of these murals remain partially investigated. To address this, the ARANTH campaign (Archaeometric Research on Ancient Tarquinian Heritage), promoted by PACT (Archaeological Park of Cerveteri and Tarquinia), focuses on identifying and mapping Egyptian blue in five painted tombs. The campaign adopts an interdisciplinary approach integrating multi-analytical and imaging techniques, with the participation of Pegaso S.r.l. (Multispectral and Archaeometric studies on ancient Painting Project) and access to the MOLAB platform of E-RIHS.it (Italian node of the European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science). The study employed Visible-Induced Infrared Luminescence (VIL), VIS–NIR hyperspectral analysis, point-based visible fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV–VIS–NIR reflectance spectroscopy, and external reflection FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, the stratigraphic analysis of a micro-sample from the Tomba del Barone was thoroughly carried out. The results enabled the identification and mapping of Egyptian blue as both a primary pigment and as in combination with other pigments across green, red, blue, and whitish areas. Notably, a new application of micro-fluorescence in the near-infrared on cross-sections allowed the rapid localization of luminescent grains, which were then unequivocally identified by micro-Raman spectroscopy, providing new insights into the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue within the pictorial layers. Furthermore, in the Tomba del Barone azurite was identified in areas where traces of blue pigment were observed, representing the first documented occurrence of this pigment in Etruscan mural painting and offering novel evidence on pigment use and painting technology in Etruscan funerary contexts.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 79, pp. 345-360
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2026.04.009
Project(s): European Union-Next GenerationEU M4C2 Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud-H2IOSC, Molab
Metrics:
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