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LA FORMA DELLE CITTÀ MURATE DI TERRA D'OTRANTO TRA PREESISTENZE E TRASFORMAZIONI: TRE CASI STUDIO
Occhilupo G.
La storia della costruzione e della struttura architettonica delle fortificazioni urbane nel Salento ci consegna un periodo ben preciso rispetto alle implementazioni e alle ricostruzioni o restauri: il periodo angioino e in seguito quello aragonese. Il mutamento dell’assetto sociale e di gestione del territorio introdotto dai normanni prosegue come conseguenza in un processo di “ristrutturazione degli insediamenti”; ad esempio con la nascita di nuovi abitati in seguito ad accorpamenti di vecchi casali e alla loro fortificazione, che trova nei periodi successivi un riassestamento dello status quo anche in termini architettonici. In maniera generalissima, le guerre intestine e la crisi sociale ed economica del ’300 hanno fatto sì che, come concause, oltre alle riparazioni dell’esistente, come ci riportano i registri della cancelleria angioina, si elevassero delle mura difensive in borghi ancora privi di questa caratteristica. Se la costruzione delle mura, integrata anche da torri e bastioni, era realizzata in maniera strategica nei periodi medievali, le grandi obliterazioni e trasformazioni delle mura urbiche realizzate agli inizi del XIX secolo in maniera massiva e quasi mai organizzata e rispondente ad un piano organico e ragionato di carattere urbanistico, sono quelle che muteranno per sempre la facies degli abitati e arriveranno e proseguiranno fino all’età contemporanea, generando danni irreversibili. Accanto alla storia narrata dai materiali e dalle tecniche costruttive, quindi dalla storia in loco, altrettanto prezioso è il percorso narrato dalle documentazioni d’archivio. Tale materiale documentale, oltre a testimoniare la storia urbana con atti amministrativi quali richieste, vendite, permute, denunce, processi etc., racconta anche la visione e la percezione dei cittadini in quel preciso tempo e luogo rispetto al loro borgo e alle loro esigenze primarie. Il caso di Ugento, centro del basso Salento a continuità doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1365 di vita a partire dal periodo messapico, è un caso esemplare. In questo caso, infatti, sono due le cinte murarie interessate: quella messapica e quella medievale. La ricerca in archivio ha restituito momenti di conoscenza della vita costruttiva delle mura urbiche. Nei primi anni del 1800 si assiste ad un susseguirsi di aperture di varchi all’interno delle mura medievali ancora in piedi o di costruzione addossate per personalissimi e privati usi da parte di cittadini o di iniziative improprie da parte delle istituzioni, Oppure di attività di vera e propria spoliazione dei blocchi della cinta messapica, utilizzata anche come cava. Le mutazioni registrate a seguito di queste azioni hanno restituito l’immagine della città che ancora oggi si conserva. Lo stesso percorso di distruzione si rintraccia anche in altri abitati, ad esempio in quello di Specchia, dove fino ai primi anni del ’900 esisteva una torre a pianta circolare, nella storiografia chiamata “fortino” e rintracciabile ancora fino alla fine degli anni ’40 ed in seguito abbattuta per far posto ai lavori di risistemazione di un largo antistante il versante SO delle mura urbiche. Un altro caso di mutamento della facies urbana a causa delle mura urbiche è dato da Scorrano, abitato perfettamente conservato nella forma della città storica perché definita dal perimetro del circuito murario leggibile nell’andamento dei profili degli edifici addossati. Ad aumentare la trasformazione anche una serie di varchi realizzati probabilmente per consentire una ulteriore comunicazione con l’esterno, oltre a quella individuata da Porta Terra e la strada principale che divide in due l’abitato in maniera trasversale, ovvero via Umberto I.
Occhilupo G.
La storia della costruzione e della struttura architettonica delle fortificazioni urbane nel Salento ci consegna un periodo ben preciso rispetto alle implementazioni e alle ricostruzioni o restauri: il periodo angioino e in seguito quello aragonese. Il mutamento dell’assetto sociale e di gestione del territorio introdotto dai normanni prosegue come conseguenza in un processo di “ristrutturazione degli insediamenti”; ad esempio con la nascita di nuovi abitati in seguito ad accorpamenti di vecchi casali e alla loro fortificazione, che trova nei periodi successivi un riassestamento dello status quo anche in termini architettonici. In maniera generalissima, le guerre intestine e la crisi sociale ed economica del ’300 hanno fatto sì che, come concause, oltre alle riparazioni dell’esistente, come ci riportano i registri della cancelleria angioina, si elevassero delle mura difensive in borghi ancora privi di questa caratteristica. Se la costruzione delle mura, integrata anche da torri e bastioni, era realizzata in maniera strategica nei periodi medievali, le grandi obliterazioni e trasformazioni delle mura urbiche realizzate agli inizi del XIX secolo in maniera massiva e quasi mai organizzata e rispondente ad un piano organico e ragionato di carattere urbanistico, sono quelle che muteranno per sempre la facies degli abitati e arriveranno e proseguiranno fino all’età contemporanea, generando danni irreversibili. Accanto alla storia narrata dai materiali e dalle tecniche costruttive, quindi dalla storia in loco, altrettanto prezioso è il percorso narrato dalle documentazioni d’archivio. Tale materiale documentale, oltre a testimoniare la storia urbana con atti amministrativi quali richieste, vendite, permute, denunce, processi etc., racconta anche la visione e la percezione dei cittadini in quel preciso tempo e luogo rispetto al loro borgo e alle loro esigenze primarie. Il caso di Ugento, centro del basso Salento a continuità doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1365 di vita a partire dal periodo messapico, è un caso esemplare. In questo caso, infatti, sono due le cinte murarie interessate: quella messapica e quella medievale. La ricerca in archivio ha restituito momenti di conoscenza della vita costruttiva delle mura urbiche. Nei primi anni del 1800 si assiste ad un susseguirsi di aperture di varchi all’interno delle mura medievali ancora in piedi o di costruzione addossate per personalissimi e privati usi da parte di cittadini o di iniziative improprie da parte delle istituzioni, Oppure di attività di vera e propria spoliazione dei blocchi della cinta messapica, utilizzata anche come cava. Le mutazioni registrate a seguito di queste azioni hanno restituito l’immagine della città che ancora oggi si conserva. Lo stesso percorso di distruzione si rintraccia anche in altri abitati, ad esempio in quello di Specchia, dove fino ai primi anni del ’900 esisteva una torre a pianta circolare, nella storiografia chiamata “fortino” e rintracciabile ancora fino alla fine degli anni ’40 ed in seguito abbattuta per far posto ai lavori di risistemazione di un largo antistante il versante SO delle mura urbiche. Un altro caso di mutamento della facies urbana a causa delle mura urbiche è dato da Scorrano, abitato perfettamente conservato nella forma della città storica perché definita dal perimetro del circuito murario leggibile nell’andamento dei profili degli edifici addossati. Ad aumentare la trasformazione anche una serie di varchi realizzati probabilmente per consentire una ulteriore comunicazione con l’esterno, oltre a quella individuata da Porta Terra e la strada principale che divide in due l’abitato in maniera trasversale, ovvero via Umberto I.
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3D-Stone: A Comprehensive Workflow for Structured Light Scanning and Digital Twin Modeling of Stone Architectural Elements in Archaeology
Bozza S.
The paper outlines the state of the art in structured light scanning (SLS) in archaeology and highlights the potential of 3D imaging technologies for documenting architectural elements. It introduces the 3D-STONE Workflow, a comprehensive methodology for the structured light scanning and 3D modeling of stone architectural elements, developed and tested as part of the CHANGES project (CNR-ISPC). Experimentation was conducted using the Artec Eva scanner on marble blocks from the Basilica Iulia in the Roman Forum (Rome, Italy) and the Monumental Nymphaeum of Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Denizli, Türkiye), addressing both archaeological and technical-practical challenges. The workflow covers all stages, from fieldwork to the creation of high-resolution digital replicas, offering an efficient, reliable process specifically tailored to architectural blocks. Key aspects include the use of Artec’s HD mode, optimized scanning and modeling parameters, and the emphasis on suitable hardware for advanced 3D reconstruction. Results demonstrate that SLS technology provides unparalleled accuracy in capturing geometry and texture, while significantly reducing field and processing times. This establishes it as a highly valuable tool compared to photogrammetry-based approaches to produce digital replicas of blocks, suitable for virtual reconstructions, morphological analyses, conservation mapping, and for enhancing public engagement with monuments.Source: ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI
Project(s): CHANGES: Cultural Heritage Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Bozza S.
The paper outlines the state of the art in structured light scanning (SLS) in archaeology and highlights the potential of 3D imaging technologies for documenting architectural elements. It introduces the 3D-STONE Workflow, a comprehensive methodology for the structured light scanning and 3D modeling of stone architectural elements, developed and tested as part of the CHANGES project (CNR-ISPC). Experimentation was conducted using the Artec Eva scanner on marble blocks from the Basilica Iulia in the Roman Forum (Rome, Italy) and the Monumental Nymphaeum of Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Denizli, Türkiye), addressing both archaeological and technical-practical challenges. The workflow covers all stages, from fieldwork to the creation of high-resolution digital replicas, offering an efficient, reliable process specifically tailored to architectural blocks. Key aspects include the use of Artec’s HD mode, optimized scanning and modeling parameters, and the emphasis on suitable hardware for advanced 3D reconstruction. Results demonstrate that SLS technology provides unparalleled accuracy in capturing geometry and texture, while significantly reducing field and processing times. This establishes it as a highly valuable tool compared to photogrammetry-based approaches to produce digital replicas of blocks, suitable for virtual reconstructions, morphological analyses, conservation mapping, and for enhancing public engagement with monuments.Source: ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI
Project(s): CHANGES: Cultural Heritage Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
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From Urban Orientations to 3D Visualisation: Solar Irradiation in Pompeii within Ancient Virtual Skies
Cristofaro I., Silani M., Zotti G.
Virtual archaeology is here applied for the study of ancient Mediterranean cities. In particular, the present research aims to contextualise urban morphology within the wider local natural environment. In the analysis of urban orientation, the 2D study is brought forward towards a computer-based 3D visualisation of the city of Pompeii, with the archaeological structures placed within their natural digitalised landscape and skyscape. The given accuracy of the simulation assures its functionality as an additional tool for the research question and the investigation of the role of the sun within urbanistic practices in ancient Campania. Previous research has shown that the orientation of the Hellenistic streets in Pompeii coincides with the entrance of sunlight on summer solstice dawn. Symmetrically, on the south-western side, the last rays on winter solstice enter the town allowing a minimum irradiation even on the shortest day of the year. To further interpret this specific orientation in the context of sunlight irradiation, a 3D model was built and placed within the astronomical desktop planetarium software Stellarium, recreating ancient skies by correcting the sun position for Pompeii’s historical phases. The mountains visible around the site were also reconstructed from a 10 m DEM to show the correct rising and setting sun position. Light and shadows impacting on architectures were simulated, highlighting the role of the sun as an integrated and participatory aspect in the life of the city. Among the many advantages of implementing virtual archaeology, its importance for heritage communication and valorisation is also emphasised.Source: JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Cristofaro I., Silani M., Zotti G.
Virtual archaeology is here applied for the study of ancient Mediterranean cities. In particular, the present research aims to contextualise urban morphology within the wider local natural environment. In the analysis of urban orientation, the 2D study is brought forward towards a computer-based 3D visualisation of the city of Pompeii, with the archaeological structures placed within their natural digitalised landscape and skyscape. The given accuracy of the simulation assures its functionality as an additional tool for the research question and the investigation of the role of the sun within urbanistic practices in ancient Campania. Previous research has shown that the orientation of the Hellenistic streets in Pompeii coincides with the entrance of sunlight on summer solstice dawn. Symmetrically, on the south-western side, the last rays on winter solstice enter the town allowing a minimum irradiation even on the shortest day of the year. To further interpret this specific orientation in the context of sunlight irradiation, a 3D model was built and placed within the astronomical desktop planetarium software Stellarium, recreating ancient skies by correcting the sun position for Pompeii’s historical phases. The mountains visible around the site were also reconstructed from a 10 m DEM to show the correct rising and setting sun position. Light and shadows impacting on architectures were simulated, highlighting the role of the sun as an integrated and participatory aspect in the life of the city. Among the many advantages of implementing virtual archaeology, its importance for heritage communication and valorisation is also emphasised.Source: JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGY
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Il tempio tardo-repubblicano di Madonna della Cona a Teramo: nuovi studi e interventi di valorizzazione virtuale
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
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Open Access
Performance indicators for portable X-ray fluorescence devices
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
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Small Settlements in China. Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories
Pola A. P.
China’s contradictory attitude toward its past oscillates between cultural indifference – and even iconoclasm – with a great sense of continuity and, more recently, a real heritage fever. Twenty years have passed since the first two Chinese villages were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is now eminent in the discourse on World Heritage and is experiencing a national rural revival on a grand scale. World Heritage properties in China already include 30 villages, with more than 75 other potential nominations on the national Tentative List, while the number of villages recognized by national institutions is even larger. However, rural heritage recognition is just the tip of the iceberg of a more extensive planning process that aims to solve a dramatic development imbalance between rural and urban conditions. Due to this, Small Settlements in China: Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories aims at showcasing a comprehensive survey of Chinese villages and examine the role that small settlements play in the current national development framework and the physical transformations that occurred in the recent past.Project(s): Countryside Heritage, Investigating Narratives and Approaches
Pola A. P.
China’s contradictory attitude toward its past oscillates between cultural indifference – and even iconoclasm – with a great sense of continuity and, more recently, a real heritage fever. Twenty years have passed since the first two Chinese villages were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is now eminent in the discourse on World Heritage and is experiencing a national rural revival on a grand scale. World Heritage properties in China already include 30 villages, with more than 75 other potential nominations on the national Tentative List, while the number of villages recognized by national institutions is even larger. However, rural heritage recognition is just the tip of the iceberg of a more extensive planning process that aims to solve a dramatic development imbalance between rural and urban conditions. Due to this, Small Settlements in China: Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories aims at showcasing a comprehensive survey of Chinese villages and examine the role that small settlements play in the current national development framework and the physical transformations that occurred in the recent past.Project(s): Countryside Heritage, Investigating Narratives and Approaches
2026
Other
Open Access
Ch. J. Robin et al., Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia)
Rossi I.
Review of the book: Ch. J. Robin, J. Schiettecatte, S. Fāyiz al-Saʿīd, M. Arbach, G. Charloux, H. Dridi, Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia), Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres / Peeters, Paris / Louvain, 2022, 472 p., ISBN: 978-2-87754-688-1.Source: SYRIA, vol. 2026 (issue Book reviews)
DOI: 10.4000/15rau
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Rossi I.
Review of the book: Ch. J. Robin, J. Schiettecatte, S. Fāyiz al-Saʿīd, M. Arbach, G. Charloux, H. Dridi, Une halte dans la steppe. Les gravures rupestres de ʿĀn Jamal près de Ḥimà (région de Najrān, Arabie saoudite) / A Stopover in the Steppe. The Rock Carvings of ʿĀn Jamal near Ḥimà (Region of Najrān, Saudi Arabia), Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres / Peeters, Paris / Louvain, 2022, 472 p., ISBN: 978-2-87754-688-1.Source: SYRIA, vol. 2026 (issue Book reviews)
DOI: 10.4000/15rau
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| journals.openedition.org | CNR IRIS 
2026
Contribution to book
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Conservación integrada del paisaje
y monumentos: análisis del riesgo y metodología HBIM para el
complejo arqueológico Chan Chan
Francesca Colosi, Roberto Orazi, Eva Savina Malinverni, Roberto Pierdicca, Francesco Di Stefano
El presente artículo sintetiza la actividad que la Misión Italiana en Perú (MIPE), en colaboración con universidades e instituciones peruanas, ha llevado a cabo sobre el complejo arqueológico Chan Chan, desarrollando un enfoque innovador que combina teledetección, SIG y HBIM para evaluar y mitigar las amenazas antropogénicas y naturales que afectan el sitio. El estudio analiza el impacto de la urbanización descontrolada en la zona de amortiguamiento, utilizando imágenes satelitales y algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para la detección de cambios. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un levantamiento detallado de la huaca Arco Iris, aplicando fotogrametría esférica y modelado 3D para documentar y gestionar sus estructuras de adobe. La implementación del HBIM de la huaca permite almacenar, actualizar y compartir información detallada del monumento, favoreciendo su monitoreo y conservación a largo plazo. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de regulaciones más estrictas en la zona de amortiguamiento y proponen la creación de un ecomuseo para preservar el patrimonio material e inmaterial de Chan Chan. La combinación de herramientas digitales y colaboración interinstitucional demuestra ser clave para la protección del paisaje cultural y la gestión sostenible del sitio.
Francesca Colosi, Roberto Orazi, Eva Savina Malinverni, Roberto Pierdicca, Francesco Di Stefano
El presente artículo sintetiza la actividad que la Misión Italiana en Perú (MIPE), en colaboración con universidades e instituciones peruanas, ha llevado a cabo sobre el complejo arqueológico Chan Chan, desarrollando un enfoque innovador que combina teledetección, SIG y HBIM para evaluar y mitigar las amenazas antropogénicas y naturales que afectan el sitio. El estudio analiza el impacto de la urbanización descontrolada en la zona de amortiguamiento, utilizando imágenes satelitales y algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para la detección de cambios. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un levantamiento detallado de la huaca Arco Iris, aplicando fotogrametría esférica y modelado 3D para documentar y gestionar sus estructuras de adobe. La implementación del HBIM de la huaca permite almacenar, actualizar y compartir información detallada del monumento, favoreciendo su monitoreo y conservación a largo plazo. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de regulaciones más estrictas en la zona de amortiguamiento y proponen la creación de un ecomuseo para preservar el patrimonio material e inmaterial de Chan Chan. La combinación de herramientas digitales y colaboración interinstitucional demuestra ser clave para la protección del paisaje cultural y la gestión sostenible del sitio.
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.fundacionwiese.org
2026
Book
Open Access
Design manual for accessibility and the inclusive use of cultural heritage: from human functioning to the functioning of cultural places
Bernacchia Monica, Biocca Luigi, Buzzi Marina, Capirci Olga, Caponera Federica, Carella Giuseppina, Ceccarani Patrizia, Cetorelli Gabriella, Contardi Anna, Della Fina Valentina, Di Renzo Alessio, Filetici Maria Grazia, Galesi Giulio, Genta Chiara, Gervasio Carmine Fernando, Grassini Aldo, Guido Manuel Roberto, Leporini Barbara, Luongo Mariajosè, Maglorio Massimo, Marino Carmen, Mezzelani Alessandra, Montuschi Carla, Pagano Alfonsina, Papi Luca, Pennacchi Barbara, Pietroni Eva, Ricci Enrico, Rossini Mauro, Russo Francesco Paolo, Schiavone Elisabetta, Schivo Flavia, Scianna Andrea, Trasatti Annalisa, Zanut Stefano
The English-language version of the Manual, presented in an expanded edition in March 2026, represents an update of the volume with two appendices that are part of the institutional series of Policy Briefs of the Department of Human and Social Sciences, Cultural Heritage (DSU) of the National Research Council (CNR). This new edition, in addition to gathering the salient aspects of "universal design," starting from the concept of the functioning of individuals to the functioning of cultural places, presents additional current aspects through documents that summarize the results of research on relevant topics and their implications for policy and social debate. In the first addendum, the choice was to explore the issues of appropriate, respectful, and correct language regarding accessibility based on Legislative Decree 62/2024, centered on a "Person First" vision, as enshrined by the World Health Organization (2001) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). The second document proposes an integrated approach to accessible trails, understood as landscape experiences to be enjoyed independently and safely, capable of meeting the needs of each individual
Bernacchia Monica, Biocca Luigi, Buzzi Marina, Capirci Olga, Caponera Federica, Carella Giuseppina, Ceccarani Patrizia, Cetorelli Gabriella, Contardi Anna, Della Fina Valentina, Di Renzo Alessio, Filetici Maria Grazia, Galesi Giulio, Genta Chiara, Gervasio Carmine Fernando, Grassini Aldo, Guido Manuel Roberto, Leporini Barbara, Luongo Mariajosè, Maglorio Massimo, Marino Carmen, Mezzelani Alessandra, Montuschi Carla, Pagano Alfonsina, Papi Luca, Pennacchi Barbara, Pietroni Eva, Ricci Enrico, Rossini Mauro, Russo Francesco Paolo, Schiavone Elisabetta, Schivo Flavia, Scianna Andrea, Trasatti Annalisa, Zanut Stefano
The English-language version of the Manual, presented in an expanded edition in March 2026, represents an update of the volume with two appendices that are part of the institutional series of Policy Briefs of the Department of Human and Social Sciences, Cultural Heritage (DSU) of the National Research Council (CNR). This new edition, in addition to gathering the salient aspects of "universal design," starting from the concept of the functioning of individuals to the functioning of cultural places, presents additional current aspects through documents that summarize the results of research on relevant topics and their implications for policy and social debate. In the first addendum, the choice was to explore the issues of appropriate, respectful, and correct language regarding accessibility based on Legislative Decree 62/2024, centered on a "Person First" vision, as enshrined by the World Health Organization (2001) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). The second document proposes an integrated approach to accessible trails, understood as landscape experiences to be enjoyed independently and safely, capable of meeting the needs of each individual
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.dsu.cnr.it | CNR IRIS
2026
Journal article
Metadata Only Access
Observing reuse of 3D data in archaeological excavations
Paola Derudas, Nicolò Dell'Unto, Åsa Berggren, Danilo Marco Campanaro, Andreas Svensson, Mikael Fauvelle, Jens Larsson, Domenica Dininno
This study focuses on understanding how archaeologists interact with and reuse 3D data during excavation, drawing on an ad-hoc experiment and a discourse analysis approach taken from socio-linguistic disciplines. The experiment, conducted during the excavation of an Iron Age ‘central place’ in Sweden, reveals the multifaceted utility of 3D models in archaeological discussions. Our analysis shows that these models function as effective tools for visualisation and measurement, and they support interpretation, decision-making, and knowledge production in the field. The results demonstrate that when appropriate tools are available for accessing and working with digital data, including 3D models, instances of reuse increase significantly, improving communication, knowledge exchange, and interpretive reasoning during excavation. These findings highlight the importance of continuing to explore how 3D models are reused within archaeological workflows, particularly to facilitate collaborative interpretation and field-based decision-making.Source: INTERNET ARCHAEOLOGY, vol. 2026 (issue 71)
DOI: 10.11141/ia.71.5
Metrics:
Paola Derudas, Nicolò Dell'Unto, Åsa Berggren, Danilo Marco Campanaro, Andreas Svensson, Mikael Fauvelle, Jens Larsson, Domenica Dininno
This study focuses on understanding how archaeologists interact with and reuse 3D data during excavation, drawing on an ad-hoc experiment and a discourse analysis approach taken from socio-linguistic disciplines. The experiment, conducted during the excavation of an Iron Age ‘central place’ in Sweden, reveals the multifaceted utility of 3D models in archaeological discussions. Our analysis shows that these models function as effective tools for visualisation and measurement, and they support interpretation, decision-making, and knowledge production in the field. The results demonstrate that when appropriate tools are available for accessing and working with digital data, including 3D models, instances of reuse increase significantly, improving communication, knowledge exchange, and interpretive reasoning during excavation. These findings highlight the importance of continuing to explore how 3D models are reused within archaeological workflows, particularly to facilitate collaborative interpretation and field-based decision-making.Source: INTERNET ARCHAEOLOGY, vol. 2026 (issue 71)
DOI: 10.11141/ia.71.5
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Per un ruolo attivo degli Enti Pubblici di Ricerca nell'archeologia preventiva: il caso di Ugento (LE), tra ricerca, tutela e archeologia pubblica
Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
This paper examines the evolution of preventive archaeology in Italy, proposing a shift from bureaucratic routines to participatory territorial planning. It highlights the proactive role of Public Research Bodies, specifically the ISPC-CNR (Archaeological Mapping Laboratory), within the Ugento (LE) case study under the PNRR Project CHANGES. The ISPC-CNR serves as a strategic stakeholder, managing the complexities of “archaeological incidents” through synergies with local administrations and heritage authorities. By adopting the principles of the 2005 Faro Convention and public archaeology, the Institute promotes a model of integrated conservation. The research demonstrates how scientific inquiry can drive urban regeneration and social cohesion, transforming archaeological data into shared value. Ultimately, the Ugento case illustrates how preventive archaeology fosters sustainable development by ensuring accessibility, inclusivity, and social responsibility for heritage communitiesSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 475-507. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
Fortinguerra F., Scardozzi G.
This paper examines the evolution of preventive archaeology in Italy, proposing a shift from bureaucratic routines to participatory territorial planning. It highlights the proactive role of Public Research Bodies, specifically the ISPC-CNR (Archaeological Mapping Laboratory), within the Ugento (LE) case study under the PNRR Project CHANGES. The ISPC-CNR serves as a strategic stakeholder, managing the complexities of “archaeological incidents” through synergies with local administrations and heritage authorities. By adopting the principles of the 2005 Faro Convention and public archaeology, the Institute promotes a model of integrated conservation. The research demonstrates how scientific inquiry can drive urban regeneration and social cohesion, transforming archaeological data into shared value. Ultimately, the Ugento case illustrates how preventive archaeology fosters sustainable development by ensuring accessibility, inclusivity, and social responsibility for heritage communitiesSource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 475-507. Santadi (SU), 10-11 settembre 2025
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Multiscale Digital Survey and HBIM-GIS Integration for the Conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya (Morocco)
Gigliarelli E., Cangi G., Cessari L., Cursi S., El Khoury C., El Ganadi C., Verticchio E., Pola A. P., Vecchiotti A., Martinelli L., Calcerano F.
This paper presents the development and validation of a multiscale digital workflow to document and support the conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya, a coastal fortified complex located at the mouth of the Sebou River (northern Morocco). Data acquisition integrates UAV survey (photogrammetry and aerial LiDAR) to capture site morphology and topography, SLAM-based mobile mapping for rapid point-cloud acquisition in GPS-denied or partially constrained areas, and high-resolution terrestrial imagery, including spherical panoramas, to enhance material and decay interpretation. The datasets are processed, filtered, and aligned to generate georeferenced orthophotos and dense point clouds that feed a scan-to-HBIM pipeline. HBIM models are structured as semantic repositories of construction phases (12th–17th centuries), traditional materials, and mapped decay patterns, and are exported through interoperable standards (e.g., IFC) to enable integration within a GIS geodatabase. The resulting HBIM–GIS environment supports multiscale spatial queries, correlation analyses between observed pathologies and key coastal environmental drivers (e.g., sea-salt aerosol exposure and vegetation colonisation), and the progressive validation and refinement of pre-existing territorial datasets through “as-built” survey data. Beyond format-level interoperability, the approach treats geo-referencing consistency and data reliability as prerequisites for a transferable heritage digital twin bridging architectural and territorial scales. Finally, it lays the groundwork for participatory dissemination through a WebGIS interface and immersive visualisation tools to support evidence-based, time-sensitive conservation strategies.Source: INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. XLVIII-2/W12 (2026), pp. 159-165
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w12-2026-159-2026
Project(s): Studio, conservazione e valorizzazione delle Kasbah in Marocco
Metrics:
Gigliarelli E., Cangi G., Cessari L., Cursi S., El Khoury C., El Ganadi C., Verticchio E., Pola A. P., Vecchiotti A., Martinelli L., Calcerano F.
This paper presents the development and validation of a multiscale digital workflow to document and support the conservation of the Kasbah of Mehdya, a coastal fortified complex located at the mouth of the Sebou River (northern Morocco). Data acquisition integrates UAV survey (photogrammetry and aerial LiDAR) to capture site morphology and topography, SLAM-based mobile mapping for rapid point-cloud acquisition in GPS-denied or partially constrained areas, and high-resolution terrestrial imagery, including spherical panoramas, to enhance material and decay interpretation. The datasets are processed, filtered, and aligned to generate georeferenced orthophotos and dense point clouds that feed a scan-to-HBIM pipeline. HBIM models are structured as semantic repositories of construction phases (12th–17th centuries), traditional materials, and mapped decay patterns, and are exported through interoperable standards (e.g., IFC) to enable integration within a GIS geodatabase. The resulting HBIM–GIS environment supports multiscale spatial queries, correlation analyses between observed pathologies and key coastal environmental drivers (e.g., sea-salt aerosol exposure and vegetation colonisation), and the progressive validation and refinement of pre-existing territorial datasets through “as-built” survey data. Beyond format-level interoperability, the approach treats geo-referencing consistency and data reliability as prerequisites for a transferable heritage digital twin bridging architectural and territorial scales. Finally, it lays the groundwork for participatory dissemination through a WebGIS interface and immersive visualisation tools to support evidence-based, time-sensitive conservation strategies.Source: INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. XLVIII-2/W12 (2026), pp. 159-165
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w12-2026-159-2026
Project(s): Studio, conservazione e valorizzazione delle Kasbah in Marocco
Metrics:
2026
Contribution to book
Metadata Only Access
Tra deserto e vie d’acqua. Mito e uso del territorio nell’antico Egitto
Capriotti Vittozzi Giuseppina
The civilisation of ancient Egypt provides an interesting opportunity to observe the close connection between the peculiarities of the territory, its mythopoietic capacity, the use of resources and the administrative development of the state. Tell el-Maskhuta, a site that is revealing an ancient border town along the Wadi Tumilat, thanks to excavations by the CNR ISPC, can be considered a remarkable case study. The ancient city and the valley itself provide us with notable data on the intertwining, in Egypt, of the characteristics of the territory, the ability to optimise its resources, mythical vision and administrative organisation. The wadi was one of the most important routes to Sinai and the Levant, and a navigable canal was dug there to connect the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, making the ancient city an important international crossroads. The peculiar east-west course of the Wadi Tumilat, where in ancient times the floodwaters certainly reached, at least partially, depending on the flow rate, probably gave particular value to the territory where, uniquely in Egypt, the course of the sun coincided with that of the flood. Documents show how the wadi entered into a typically Heliopolitan theological reflection, which from a ritual point of view affected the entire area, with a peculiar oriental characterisation.Source: TRANSFORMATIONS AND CRISES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, vol. 3, pp. 49-62
Capriotti Vittozzi Giuseppina
The civilisation of ancient Egypt provides an interesting opportunity to observe the close connection between the peculiarities of the territory, its mythopoietic capacity, the use of resources and the administrative development of the state. Tell el-Maskhuta, a site that is revealing an ancient border town along the Wadi Tumilat, thanks to excavations by the CNR ISPC, can be considered a remarkable case study. The ancient city and the valley itself provide us with notable data on the intertwining, in Egypt, of the characteristics of the territory, the ability to optimise its resources, mythical vision and administrative organisation. The wadi was one of the most important routes to Sinai and the Levant, and a navigable canal was dug there to connect the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, making the ancient city an important international crossroads. The peculiar east-west course of the Wadi Tumilat, where in ancient times the floodwaters certainly reached, at least partially, depending on the flow rate, probably gave particular value to the territory where, uniquely in Egypt, the course of the sun coincided with that of the flood. Documents show how the wadi entered into a typically Heliopolitan theological reflection, which from a ritual point of view affected the entire area, with a peculiar oriental characterisation.Source: TRANSFORMATIONS AND CRISES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, vol. 3, pp. 49-62
See at:
CNR IRIS
2026
Conference article
Open Access
Lo scavo della cinta muraria messapica in località Armino e Cupa (Ugento, LE)
Scardozzi G., Di Benedetto N., Miccoli I.
This paper focuses on the results of recent excavations of long stretches of the Messapian city walls in Ugento, carried out in the sites of Armino and Cupa, located in the south-eastern and south-western corners of the circuit, respectively. In the first area, a stretch 40 m long was brought to light, documenting a structure, mostly demolished, built with large square blocks. In the second area, two stretches, 130 m (“Area Sud”) and 100 m (“Area Nord”) long, were unearthed, documenting a structure with curtain walls made of large square blocks and an emplekton core. Specifically, in the Cupa area, the excavations allowed for the identification of at least two construction phases, dating to the mid-4th century BC and the late 4th-early 3rd century BC. This enabled an examination of the different construction techniques used for the outer and inner curtain walls of the fortifications and a definition of their use up to the Hannibalic War. Furthermore, archaeological investigations led to the discovery of numerous weapons (lead sling bullets and iron dart tips attributable to scorpio-type throwing machines) connected to the Roman assault on the city, likely around 209 BC, following the defection of the Uzentini from their alliance with Rome in favour of Hannibal (213/212 BC). Finally, the excavations also documented the subsequent demolition of the city walls after this episode which marks the definitive Roman conquest of the citySource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 77-103. Santadi, 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Scardozzi G., Di Benedetto N., Miccoli I.
This paper focuses on the results of recent excavations of long stretches of the Messapian city walls in Ugento, carried out in the sites of Armino and Cupa, located in the south-eastern and south-western corners of the circuit, respectively. In the first area, a stretch 40 m long was brought to light, documenting a structure, mostly demolished, built with large square blocks. In the second area, two stretches, 130 m (“Area Sud”) and 100 m (“Area Nord”) long, were unearthed, documenting a structure with curtain walls made of large square blocks and an emplekton core. Specifically, in the Cupa area, the excavations allowed for the identification of at least two construction phases, dating to the mid-4th century BC and the late 4th-early 3rd century BC. This enabled an examination of the different construction techniques used for the outer and inner curtain walls of the fortifications and a definition of their use up to the Hannibalic War. Furthermore, archaeological investigations led to the discovery of numerous weapons (lead sling bullets and iron dart tips attributable to scorpio-type throwing machines) connected to the Roman assault on the city, likely around 209 BC, following the defection of the Uzentini from their alliance with Rome in favour of Hannibal (213/212 BC). Finally, the excavations also documented the subsequent demolition of the city walls after this episode which marks the definitive Roman conquest of the citySource: COLLEZIONE DI STUDI FENICI, vol. 54, pp. 77-103. Santadi, 10-11 settembre 2025
Project(s): Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
2026
Other
Open Access
Interactive Digital Heritage Applications as a Transformative Caring Experience
Veggi M., Von Gal A., Bonifazi F., Massidda M., Cerato I., D'Annibale E., Ferdani D., Taurino F., Zecca D., Nori R., Piccardi L., Pescarin S.
This study investigates whether persuasive technologies can foster visitor care for cultural heritage. Building on HCI principles and museum learning research, it presents the validation of the PERCEIVE Care Framework through Echoes of Loss, an interactive prototype developed within the Horizon Europe PERCEIVE project. The experience addresses lost polychromy in Graeco-Roman statues, using the Temple of Isis in Pompeii as a case study. Evaluated across three distinct settings, the study contributes practical design principles for curators and designers seeking to create meaningful, care-oriented digital heritage experiences.DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7536579
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
Veggi M., Von Gal A., Bonifazi F., Massidda M., Cerato I., D'Annibale E., Ferdani D., Taurino F., Zecca D., Nori R., Piccardi L., Pescarin S.
This study investigates whether persuasive technologies can foster visitor care for cultural heritage. Building on HCI principles and museum learning research, it presents the validation of the PERCEIVE Care Framework through Echoes of Loss, an interactive prototype developed within the Horizon Europe PERCEIVE project. The experience addresses lost polychromy in Graeco-Roman statues, using the Temple of Isis in Pompeii as a case study. Evaluated across three distinct settings, the study contributes practical design principles for curators and designers seeking to create meaningful, care-oriented digital heritage experiences.DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.7536579
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
2026
Conference article
Embargo
Il territorio di Tiati-Teanum Apulum (San Paolo di Civitate - FG) nel I millennio a.C. Dinamiche insediative, risorse ambientali e interazioni socio-culturali in un’area di confine tra Dauni, Sanniti ed Etruschi
Montanaro A. C.
The territory of ancient Tiati-Teanum Apulum (today’s San Paolo di Civitate in the province of Foggia) has been characterized since prehistoric age by the presence of many settlements (there are over twenty archaeological areas dating back between the Early Neolithic and the Iron Age) that developed thanks to certain favorable environmental conditions. The Daunian center was a true crossroads of natural itineraries, connected to Etruscan Campania (Capua) through the Volturno-Calore-Tammaro-Fortore river axis, to Sannio Frentano, Via Litoranea and to Adriatic by the ancient sheep tracks. The economic structure of the territory explains the character of the settlements, formed by scattered inhabited nuclei, in direct contact with the sources of production, to which are added areas of more intense concentration or places of convergence, both for reasons of defense and for the various community functions, of a religious and political nature (think of the places of worship located along the routes). The aim of the contribution is to highlight the settlement methods of Daunian people of Tiati characterized by a multiformity of aspects, certainly influenced by the conformation of the territory, and the cultural and commercial relations favored by the environmental conditions with the extra-regional realities, represented by the Samnite populations and the Etruscans of Capua.Source: TRANSFORMATIONS AND CRISES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, vol. 3, pp. 115-149. Roma, 12-13 dicembre 2024
Montanaro A. C.
The territory of ancient Tiati-Teanum Apulum (today’s San Paolo di Civitate in the province of Foggia) has been characterized since prehistoric age by the presence of many settlements (there are over twenty archaeological areas dating back between the Early Neolithic and the Iron Age) that developed thanks to certain favorable environmental conditions. The Daunian center was a true crossroads of natural itineraries, connected to Etruscan Campania (Capua) through the Volturno-Calore-Tammaro-Fortore river axis, to Sannio Frentano, Via Litoranea and to Adriatic by the ancient sheep tracks. The economic structure of the territory explains the character of the settlements, formed by scattered inhabited nuclei, in direct contact with the sources of production, to which are added areas of more intense concentration or places of convergence, both for reasons of defense and for the various community functions, of a religious and political nature (think of the places of worship located along the routes). The aim of the contribution is to highlight the settlement methods of Daunian people of Tiati characterized by a multiformity of aspects, certainly influenced by the conformation of the territory, and the cultural and commercial relations favored by the environmental conditions with the extra-regional realities, represented by the Samnite populations and the Etruscans of Capua.Source: TRANSFORMATIONS AND CRISES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, vol. 3, pp. 115-149. Roma, 12-13 dicembre 2024
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Methods and Workflows for Colour Change Modelling and Reconstruction
Yoko Arteaga, Cristiana Barandoni, Lucia Burgio, David Buti, Irina-Mihaela Ciortan, Brenda Doherty, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, Catlin Langford, Donata Magrini, Letizia Monico, Catarina Pinto, Irina Crina Anca Sandu, Faïçal Selka, Saptarshi Neil Sinha, Panagiotis Siozos, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Giorgio Trumpy
This chapter presents end-to-end methodologies and workflows for modelling, reconstructing, and communicating colour change in cultural heritage across four scenarios: classical sculpture, paintings, historical textiles, and early colour photographs/films. We couple experimental mock-ups, created with chemically appropriate pigments/dyes, with computational imaging and appearance modelling to realistically capture the evolution of the aging process. For sculpture, we propose an atlas-based segmentation and semantic shading pipeline that transfers measured appearance from mock-ups to 3D models, enabling virtual reconstructions of lost polychromy. For paintings, we introduce a dual pathway to predict and visualize light-induced discolouration: a photochemical model linked to radiant exposure and a data-driven spectral unmixing approach; both are demonstrated on Edvard Munch’s The Scream (ca. 1910), and further supported by corrections of archival colour film records. For textiles, we implement appearance-aware 3D restoration and fading simulation, integrating spectral unmixing with multi-temporal photographic documentation to visualize past states and forecast future fading. Finally, for early colour photographs, we present high-magnification multispectral imaging for the recovery of colour in faded autochromes, neural methods for repairing the bleeding of the green dye in some autochromes, and lastly, a refined digital decoding strategy for Kodacolor lenticular film. Together, these methods bridge analytical evidence, appearance capture, and perceptual visualization, providing reproducible, decision-support tools for conservation, display, and public engagement.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16450, pp. 1-56
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17700-1_1
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
Yoko Arteaga, Cristiana Barandoni, Lucia Burgio, David Buti, Irina-Mihaela Ciortan, Brenda Doherty, Jon Yngve Hardeberg, Catlin Langford, Donata Magrini, Letizia Monico, Catarina Pinto, Irina Crina Anca Sandu, Faïçal Selka, Saptarshi Neil Sinha, Panagiotis Siozos, Sophia Sotiropoulou, Giorgio Trumpy
This chapter presents end-to-end methodologies and workflows for modelling, reconstructing, and communicating colour change in cultural heritage across four scenarios: classical sculpture, paintings, historical textiles, and early colour photographs/films. We couple experimental mock-ups, created with chemically appropriate pigments/dyes, with computational imaging and appearance modelling to realistically capture the evolution of the aging process. For sculpture, we propose an atlas-based segmentation and semantic shading pipeline that transfers measured appearance from mock-ups to 3D models, enabling virtual reconstructions of lost polychromy. For paintings, we introduce a dual pathway to predict and visualize light-induced discolouration: a photochemical model linked to radiant exposure and a data-driven spectral unmixing approach; both are demonstrated on Edvard Munch’s The Scream (ca. 1910), and further supported by corrections of archival colour film records. For textiles, we implement appearance-aware 3D restoration and fading simulation, integrating spectral unmixing with multi-temporal photographic documentation to visualize past states and forecast future fading. Finally, for early colour photographs, we present high-magnification multispectral imaging for the recovery of colour in faded autochromes, neural methods for repairing the bleeding of the green dye in some autochromes, and lastly, a refined digital decoding strategy for Kodacolor lenticular film. Together, these methods bridge analytical evidence, appearance capture, and perceptual visualization, providing reproducible, decision-support tools for conservation, display, and public engagement.Source: LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16450, pp. 1-56
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17700-1_1
Project(s): Perceptive Enhanced Realities of Colored collEctions through AI and Virtual Experiences
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | CNR IRIS | link.springer.com | CNR IRIS
2026
Contribution to book
Open Access
Mobilità umana, ambiente naturale e interazioni socio-culturali e commerciali su lunga distanza nell’età del Bronzo in Eurasia
Bonora G. L.
Archaeological cultures of the protohistoric Eurasian steppes comprised a vast and heterogeneous mix of mobile pastoralist groups – herders of large flocks of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels – alon- gside mining communities engaged in the extraction of copper ores (notably malachite and lazurite), and seasonal cultivators of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). .ese communities established extensive socio-cultural and commercial interactions with the sedentary agricultural populations of the Iranian plateau and adjacent regions, reaching as far as Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, already in the Copper Age and more intensively during the Bronze Age. .e domestication of the horse and the Bactrian camel, and their subsequent di*usion across vast portions of Eurasia during the 4th-3rd millennia BCE, marked the emergence of a new agrarian and pastoral regime. .is development enhanced long-di- stance mobility between northern and southern regions, enabled the crossing of the expansive Eurasian steppe zone and the inhospitable deserts of the Kara-Kum and Kyzyl-Kum, and facilitated the formation of a continental network of exchange as early as the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). .rough this network, knowledge, skills, and innovations circulated widely, millennia prior to the establishment of the Silk Road.
Bonora G. L.
Archaeological cultures of the protohistoric Eurasian steppes comprised a vast and heterogeneous mix of mobile pastoralist groups – herders of large flocks of cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and camels – alon- gside mining communities engaged in the extraction of copper ores (notably malachite and lazurite), and seasonal cultivators of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). .ese communities established extensive socio-cultural and commercial interactions with the sedentary agricultural populations of the Iranian plateau and adjacent regions, reaching as far as Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, already in the Copper Age and more intensively during the Bronze Age. .e domestication of the horse and the Bactrian camel, and their subsequent di*usion across vast portions of Eurasia during the 4th-3rd millennia BCE, marked the emergence of a new agrarian and pastoral regime. .is development enhanced long-di- stance mobility between northern and southern regions, enabled the crossing of the expansive Eurasian steppe zone and the inhospitable deserts of the Kara-Kum and Kyzyl-Kum, and facilitated the formation of a continental network of exchange as early as the Bronze Age (2nd millennium BCE). .rough this network, knowledge, skills, and innovations circulated widely, millennia prior to the establishment of the Silk Road.
2026
Journal article
Open Access
Heritage in Transition: A Systematic Review of HBIM–LCA Integration Towards Sustainable Conservation
Cipriani G., Cui De Lian C., Cursi S., Morganti M., D'Amico A.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are increasingly integrated to support environmental assessment in the built environment. However, applications to existing and heritage buildings remain fragmented, and the contribution of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Life Cycle Assessment is still poorly defined. This study presents a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, combining bibliometric, thematic and workflow-oriented analyses. Studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria based on relevance to HBIM-LCA integration. Three main BIM–LCA workflow typologies are identified: manual/export-based, plug-in-based and IFC-enabled interoperability approaches. While these workflows have progressively improved automation and data exchange, their application to existing and heritage buildings remains largely scenario-driven and focused on comparing refurbishment, retrofit, adaptive reuse and reconstruction alternatives. The review shows that HBIM distinctive contribution does not lie in environmental calculation methods, but in its ability to structure knowledge related to existing assets, including conservation state, intervention history, information provenance, uncertainty and life cycle transformations. However, current HBIM information structures remain only partially aligned with LCA requirements, particularly regarding service life, end-of-life scenarios and knowledge management. Semantic technologies emerge as a promising pathway towards knowledge-level interoperability. Limitations are related to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies and the predominance of qualitative evidence. Digital-Green Heritage Workflows integrating HBIM, LCA and semantic technologies enable more transparent, life cycle-oriented and sustainable heritage conservation.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 18 (issue 17)
DOI: 10.3390/su18178665
Metrics:
Cipriani G., Cui De Lian C., Cursi S., Morganti M., D'Amico A.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are increasingly integrated to support environmental assessment in the built environment. However, applications to existing and heritage buildings remain fragmented, and the contribution of Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Life Cycle Assessment is still poorly defined. This study presents a systematic review of 41 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, combining bibliometric, thematic and workflow-oriented analyses. Studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria based on relevance to HBIM-LCA integration. Three main BIM–LCA workflow typologies are identified: manual/export-based, plug-in-based and IFC-enabled interoperability approaches. While these workflows have progressively improved automation and data exchange, their application to existing and heritage buildings remains largely scenario-driven and focused on comparing refurbishment, retrofit, adaptive reuse and reconstruction alternatives. The review shows that HBIM distinctive contribution does not lie in environmental calculation methods, but in its ability to structure knowledge related to existing assets, including conservation state, intervention history, information provenance, uncertainty and life cycle transformations. However, current HBIM information structures remain only partially aligned with LCA requirements, particularly regarding service life, end-of-life scenarios and knowledge management. Semantic technologies emerge as a promising pathway towards knowledge-level interoperability. Limitations are related to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies and the predominance of qualitative evidence. Digital-Green Heritage Workflows integrating HBIM, LCA and semantic technologies enable more transparent, life cycle-oriented and sustainable heritage conservation.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 18 (issue 17)
DOI: 10.3390/su18178665
Metrics:
2026
Other
Open Access
H2IOSC Booklet: Strengthening Research Infrastructures Consolidating the Federation
Iachello S., Spinelli F., Pedonese G., Melaccio D., Degl'Innocenti E., Colautti V.
This booklet presents the H2IOSC (Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud) initiative, focusing on its role in strengthening research infrastructures and consolidating a national federation within the Social Sciences and Humanities domain. Coordinated by the Italian National Research Council (CNR), H2IOSC brings together leading European Research Infrastructures to create an integrated, collaborative ecosystem for digital research. By federating distributed resources, services, and expertise, H2IOSC enhances the accessibility, interoperability, and sustainability of research infrastructures, enabling coordinated access to tools, datasets, and advanced technologies. The booklet illustrates how this federated approach supports diverse user communities—including researchers, cultural institutions, and industry stakeholders—through a unified entry point and a comprehensive portfolio of digital, enabling, and training services. Particular attention is given to the processes that underpin infrastructure strengthening, including service validation, technological maturity assessment, and user-driven evaluation activities. These mechanisms contribute to improving service quality, aligning technological development with user needs, and ensuring long-term impact. The publication also outlines the Cluster’s strategic vision for consolidating the federation, expanding its user base, and fostering partnerships across research, culture, and the private sector, reinforcing its role within the European Open Science ecosystem.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19628513
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628513
Project(s): Humanities and cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
Metrics:
Iachello S., Spinelli F., Pedonese G., Melaccio D., Degl'Innocenti E., Colautti V.
This booklet presents the H2IOSC (Humanities and Cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud) initiative, focusing on its role in strengthening research infrastructures and consolidating a national federation within the Social Sciences and Humanities domain. Coordinated by the Italian National Research Council (CNR), H2IOSC brings together leading European Research Infrastructures to create an integrated, collaborative ecosystem for digital research. By federating distributed resources, services, and expertise, H2IOSC enhances the accessibility, interoperability, and sustainability of research infrastructures, enabling coordinated access to tools, datasets, and advanced technologies. The booklet illustrates how this federated approach supports diverse user communities—including researchers, cultural institutions, and industry stakeholders—through a unified entry point and a comprehensive portfolio of digital, enabling, and training services. Particular attention is given to the processes that underpin infrastructure strengthening, including service validation, technological maturity assessment, and user-driven evaluation activities. These mechanisms contribute to improving service quality, aligning technological development with user needs, and ensuring long-term impact. The publication also outlines the Cluster’s strategic vision for consolidating the federation, expanding its user base, and fostering partnerships across research, culture, and the private sector, reinforcing its role within the European Open Science ecosystem.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19628513
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19628513
Project(s): Humanities and cultural Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud
Metrics: