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LA FORMA DELLE CITTÀ MURATE DI TERRA D'OTRANTO TRA PREESISTENZE E TRASFORMAZIONI: TRE CASI STUDIO
Occhilupo G.
La storia della costruzione e della struttura architettonica delle fortificazioni urbane nel Salento ci consegna un periodo ben preciso rispetto alle implementazioni e alle ricostruzioni o restauri: il periodo angioino e in seguito quello aragonese. Il mutamento dell’assetto sociale e di gestione del territorio introdotto dai normanni prosegue come conseguenza in un processo di “ristrutturazione degli insediamenti”; ad esempio con la nascita di nuovi abitati in seguito ad accorpamenti di vecchi casali e alla loro fortificazione, che trova nei periodi successivi un riassestamento dello status quo anche in termini architettonici. In maniera generalissima, le guerre intestine e la crisi sociale ed economica del ’300 hanno fatto sì che, come concause, oltre alle riparazioni dell’esistente, come ci riportano i registri della cancelleria angioina, si elevassero delle mura difensive in borghi ancora privi di questa caratteristica. Se la costruzione delle mura, integrata anche da torri e bastioni, era realizzata in maniera strategica nei periodi medievali, le grandi obliterazioni e trasformazioni delle mura urbiche realizzate agli inizi del XIX secolo in maniera massiva e quasi mai organizzata e rispondente ad un piano organico e ragionato di carattere urbanistico, sono quelle che muteranno per sempre la facies degli abitati e arriveranno e proseguiranno fino all’età contemporanea, generando danni irreversibili. Accanto alla storia narrata dai materiali e dalle tecniche costruttive, quindi dalla storia in loco, altrettanto prezioso è il percorso narrato dalle documentazioni d’archivio. Tale materiale documentale, oltre a testimoniare la storia urbana con atti amministrativi quali richieste, vendite, permute, denunce, processi etc., racconta anche la visione e la percezione dei cittadini in quel preciso tempo e luogo rispetto al loro borgo e alle loro esigenze primarie. Il caso di Ugento, centro del basso Salento a continuità doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1365 di vita a partire dal periodo messapico, è un caso esemplare. In questo caso, infatti, sono due le cinte murarie interessate: quella messapica e quella medievale. La ricerca in archivio ha restituito momenti di conoscenza della vita costruttiva delle mura urbiche. Nei primi anni del 1800 si assiste ad un susseguirsi di aperture di varchi all’interno delle mura medievali ancora in piedi o di costruzione addossate per personalissimi e privati usi da parte di cittadini o di iniziative improprie da parte delle istituzioni, Oppure di attività di vera e propria spoliazione dei blocchi della cinta messapica, utilizzata anche come cava. Le mutazioni registrate a seguito di queste azioni hanno restituito l’immagine della città che ancora oggi si conserva. Lo stesso percorso di distruzione si rintraccia anche in altri abitati, ad esempio in quello di Specchia, dove fino ai primi anni del ’900 esisteva una torre a pianta circolare, nella storiografia chiamata “fortino” e rintracciabile ancora fino alla fine degli anni ’40 ed in seguito abbattuta per far posto ai lavori di risistemazione di un largo antistante il versante SO delle mura urbiche. Un altro caso di mutamento della facies urbana a causa delle mura urbiche è dato da Scorrano, abitato perfettamente conservato nella forma della città storica perché definita dal perimetro del circuito murario leggibile nell’andamento dei profili degli edifici addossati. Ad aumentare la trasformazione anche una serie di varchi realizzati probabilmente per consentire una ulteriore comunicazione con l’esterno, oltre a quella individuata da Porta Terra e la strada principale che divide in due l’abitato in maniera trasversale, ovvero via Umberto I.
Occhilupo G.
La storia della costruzione e della struttura architettonica delle fortificazioni urbane nel Salento ci consegna un periodo ben preciso rispetto alle implementazioni e alle ricostruzioni o restauri: il periodo angioino e in seguito quello aragonese. Il mutamento dell’assetto sociale e di gestione del territorio introdotto dai normanni prosegue come conseguenza in un processo di “ristrutturazione degli insediamenti”; ad esempio con la nascita di nuovi abitati in seguito ad accorpamenti di vecchi casali e alla loro fortificazione, che trova nei periodi successivi un riassestamento dello status quo anche in termini architettonici. In maniera generalissima, le guerre intestine e la crisi sociale ed economica del ’300 hanno fatto sì che, come concause, oltre alle riparazioni dell’esistente, come ci riportano i registri della cancelleria angioina, si elevassero delle mura difensive in borghi ancora privi di questa caratteristica. Se la costruzione delle mura, integrata anche da torri e bastioni, era realizzata in maniera strategica nei periodi medievali, le grandi obliterazioni e trasformazioni delle mura urbiche realizzate agli inizi del XIX secolo in maniera massiva e quasi mai organizzata e rispondente ad un piano organico e ragionato di carattere urbanistico, sono quelle che muteranno per sempre la facies degli abitati e arriveranno e proseguiranno fino all’età contemporanea, generando danni irreversibili. Accanto alla storia narrata dai materiali e dalle tecniche costruttive, quindi dalla storia in loco, altrettanto prezioso è il percorso narrato dalle documentazioni d’archivio. Tale materiale documentale, oltre a testimoniare la storia urbana con atti amministrativi quali richieste, vendite, permute, denunce, processi etc., racconta anche la visione e la percezione dei cittadini in quel preciso tempo e luogo rispetto al loro borgo e alle loro esigenze primarie. Il caso di Ugento, centro del basso Salento a continuità doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxx 1365 di vita a partire dal periodo messapico, è un caso esemplare. In questo caso, infatti, sono due le cinte murarie interessate: quella messapica e quella medievale. La ricerca in archivio ha restituito momenti di conoscenza della vita costruttiva delle mura urbiche. Nei primi anni del 1800 si assiste ad un susseguirsi di aperture di varchi all’interno delle mura medievali ancora in piedi o di costruzione addossate per personalissimi e privati usi da parte di cittadini o di iniziative improprie da parte delle istituzioni, Oppure di attività di vera e propria spoliazione dei blocchi della cinta messapica, utilizzata anche come cava. Le mutazioni registrate a seguito di queste azioni hanno restituito l’immagine della città che ancora oggi si conserva. Lo stesso percorso di distruzione si rintraccia anche in altri abitati, ad esempio in quello di Specchia, dove fino ai primi anni del ’900 esisteva una torre a pianta circolare, nella storiografia chiamata “fortino” e rintracciabile ancora fino alla fine degli anni ’40 ed in seguito abbattuta per far posto ai lavori di risistemazione di un largo antistante il versante SO delle mura urbiche. Un altro caso di mutamento della facies urbana a causa delle mura urbiche è dato da Scorrano, abitato perfettamente conservato nella forma della città storica perché definita dal perimetro del circuito murario leggibile nell’andamento dei profili degli edifici addossati. Ad aumentare la trasformazione anche una serie di varchi realizzati probabilmente per consentire una ulteriore comunicazione con l’esterno, oltre a quella individuata da Porta Terra e la strada principale che divide in due l’abitato in maniera trasversale, ovvero via Umberto I.
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3D-Stone: A Comprehensive Workflow for Structured Light Scanning and Digital Twin Modeling of Stone Architectural Elements in Archaeology
Bozza S.
The paper outlines the state of the art in structured light scanning (SLS) in archaeology and highlights the potential of 3D imaging technologies for documenting architectural elements. It introduces the 3D-STONE Workflow, a comprehensive methodology for the structured light scanning and 3D modeling of stone architectural elements, developed and tested as part of the CHANGES project (CNR-ISPC). Experimentation was conducted using the Artec Eva scanner on marble blocks from the Basilica Iulia in the Roman Forum (Rome, Italy) and the Monumental Nymphaeum of Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Denizli, Türkiye), addressing both archaeological and technical-practical challenges. The workflow covers all stages, from fieldwork to the creation of high-resolution digital replicas, offering an efficient, reliable process specifically tailored to architectural blocks. Key aspects include the use of Artec’s HD mode, optimized scanning and modeling parameters, and the emphasis on suitable hardware for advanced 3D reconstruction. Results demonstrate that SLS technology provides unparalleled accuracy in capturing geometry and texture, while significantly reducing field and processing times. This establishes it as a highly valuable tool compared to photogrammetry-based approaches to produce digital replicas of blocks, suitable for virtual reconstructions, morphological analyses, conservation mapping, and for enhancing public engagement with monuments.Source: ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI
Project(s): CHANGES: Cultural Heritage Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
Bozza S.
The paper outlines the state of the art in structured light scanning (SLS) in archaeology and highlights the potential of 3D imaging technologies for documenting architectural elements. It introduces the 3D-STONE Workflow, a comprehensive methodology for the structured light scanning and 3D modeling of stone architectural elements, developed and tested as part of the CHANGES project (CNR-ISPC). Experimentation was conducted using the Artec Eva scanner on marble blocks from the Basilica Iulia in the Roman Forum (Rome, Italy) and the Monumental Nymphaeum of Tripolis ad Maeandrum (Denizli, Türkiye), addressing both archaeological and technical-practical challenges. The workflow covers all stages, from fieldwork to the creation of high-resolution digital replicas, offering an efficient, reliable process specifically tailored to architectural blocks. Key aspects include the use of Artec’s HD mode, optimized scanning and modeling parameters, and the emphasis on suitable hardware for advanced 3D reconstruction. Results demonstrate that SLS technology provides unparalleled accuracy in capturing geometry and texture, while significantly reducing field and processing times. This establishes it as a highly valuable tool compared to photogrammetry-based approaches to produce digital replicas of blocks, suitable for virtual reconstructions, morphological analyses, conservation mapping, and for enhancing public engagement with monuments.Source: ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI
Project(s): CHANGES: Cultural Heritage Innovation for Next-Gen Sustainable Society
not yet published
Conference article
Open Access
Il tempio tardo-repubblicano di Madonna della Cona a Teramo: nuovi studi e interventi di valorizzazione virtuale
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
Belfiori F., Assenti G., Mancuso G.
Il tempio in località Madonna della Cona a Teramo si erge lungo un diverticolo stradale della via Cecilia che serviva il conciliabulum civium romanorum di Interamnia Praetuttiorum provenendo dall’attuale Montorio al Vomano. Dell’edificio, datato in letteratura sullo scorcio del II sec. a.C. se non già all’inizio del successivo, si conservano i resti del podio modanato e le strutture pertinenti alla pars postica tripartita, con una cella centrale interposta tra alae laterali. Nonostante il tempio sia da tempo noto all’archeologia teramana, manca ancora oggi uno studio di dettaglio del monumento e della documentazione archeologica e architettonica di riferimento: oltre alle strutture conservate in situ e agli elementi dell’arredo interno ancora ben leggibili (pavimenti in cementizio a base fittile e a mosaico), un cospicuo nucleo di decorazioni architettoniche in terracotta (antefisse, lastre, sime e cornici) recuperate nei primi anni duemila, ma oggetto fino a oggi solo di stringate segnalazioni o brevi note preliminari. Nell’ambito di un accordo fra la Soprintendenza ABAP AQ-TE e la società ANAS S.p.A., teso alla valorizzazione e restauro dell’area archeologica, l’Istituto ministeriale ha affidato a una società esterna la ricostruzione 3D del tempio, come primo step per la fruizione e conoscenza del sito. Questa attività è stata l’occasione per una rilettura complessiva dei dati archeologici a disposizione, fornendo interessanti spunti di riflessione. Con l’occasione del Convegno, si intende tratteggiare un quadro aggiornato – quandanche ancora preliminare – delle conoscenze e dei problemi relativi al monumento, alla sua datazione e ai rapporti con il contesto storico-culturale di riferimento, grazie a dati nuovi desunti da una recente campagna di documentazione diretta delle strutture, al riesame dei parziali dati editi e dei purtroppo pochi dati inediti d’archivio, nonché allo studio dei frammenti architettonici in terracotta – in gran parte non ancora pubblicati – pertinenti al sistema di rivestimento e di decorazione fittile del tetto.
not yet published
Journal article
Open Access
Performance indicators for portable X-ray fluorescence devices
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
Konstantakopoulou E., Casanova Municchia A, Ferretti R., Porcinai S., Ferretti M.
The invention of hand-held X-ray fluorescence devices (HH-XRF) has revolutionized the way we analyse ancient materials. These devices are equipped with highly miniaturized hardware and advanced software, which encourages users to consider them as black boxes. This enables archaeologists, art historians, and restorers to be self-sufficient in performing materials analysis. However, there are specific situations, such as the investigation of copper-based artefacts, where users need to have a deeper understanding of the device's functioning. This article discusses the experiments carried out to reconfigure a hand-held Bruker Tracer 5g from scratch, compare it with an in-house developed portable spectrometer, and prepare both devices for field use. We focus on optimizing the primary filters and calibrating the devices by considering two quantitative parameters: the limit of quantification and the relative uncertainty of quantificationSource: ACTA IMEKO
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Small Settlements in China. Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories
Pola A. P.
China’s contradictory attitude toward its past oscillates between cultural indifference – and even iconoclasm – with a great sense of continuity and, more recently, a real heritage fever. Twenty years have passed since the first two Chinese villages were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is now eminent in the discourse on World Heritage and is experiencing a national rural revival on a grand scale. World Heritage properties in China already include 30 villages, with more than 75 other potential nominations on the national Tentative List, while the number of villages recognized by national institutions is even larger. However, rural heritage recognition is just the tip of the iceberg of a more extensive planning process that aims to solve a dramatic development imbalance between rural and urban conditions. Due to this, Small Settlements in China: Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories aims at showcasing a comprehensive survey of Chinese villages and examine the role that small settlements play in the current national development framework and the physical transformations that occurred in the recent past.Project(s): Countryside Heritage, Investigating Narratives and Approaches
Pola A. P.
China’s contradictory attitude toward its past oscillates between cultural indifference – and even iconoclasm – with a great sense of continuity and, more recently, a real heritage fever. Twenty years have passed since the first two Chinese villages were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is now eminent in the discourse on World Heritage and is experiencing a national rural revival on a grand scale. World Heritage properties in China already include 30 villages, with more than 75 other potential nominations on the national Tentative List, while the number of villages recognized by national institutions is even larger. However, rural heritage recognition is just the tip of the iceberg of a more extensive planning process that aims to solve a dramatic development imbalance between rural and urban conditions. Due to this, Small Settlements in China: Heritage, Forms, and Counterstories aims at showcasing a comprehensive survey of Chinese villages and examine the role that small settlements play in the current national development framework and the physical transformations that occurred in the recent past.Project(s): Countryside Heritage, Investigating Narratives and Approaches
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Exploring Transformative Ecotourism Experiences on Italian Pathways Through Online Reviews
Marasco A., Marchi V.
Transformative tourism experiences have attracted considerable scholarly interest in the recent past and deserve further attention to advance knowledge on the role of tourism in human transformation. This study aims to advance the understanding of the triggers and dimensions of transformative ecotourism experiences through the analysis of travelers’ online reviews relating to 10 Italian Pathways (Cammini d’Italia). A total of 742 reviews from 2010 to 2022 were collected from TripAdvisor using a web scraping procedure and analyzed by applying text mining techniques. This analysis explored the cognitive, affective, sensory, social and other experiential factors that can trigger tourists’ transformative experiences and their relationship with behavioral, psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions of transformation. The findings provide evidence of the association of cognitive and sensory triggers and the search for unusual, special tourism experiences to transformative experiences, with specific regard to the psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are provided to improve the understanding and promotion of transformative tourism experiences in this context.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 17 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/su17020452
Metrics:
Marasco A., Marchi V.
Transformative tourism experiences have attracted considerable scholarly interest in the recent past and deserve further attention to advance knowledge on the role of tourism in human transformation. This study aims to advance the understanding of the triggers and dimensions of transformative ecotourism experiences through the analysis of travelers’ online reviews relating to 10 Italian Pathways (Cammini d’Italia). A total of 742 reviews from 2010 to 2022 were collected from TripAdvisor using a web scraping procedure and analyzed by applying text mining techniques. This analysis explored the cognitive, affective, sensory, social and other experiential factors that can trigger tourists’ transformative experiences and their relationship with behavioral, psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions of transformation. The findings provide evidence of the association of cognitive and sensory triggers and the search for unusual, special tourism experiences to transformative experiences, with specific regard to the psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are provided to improve the understanding and promotion of transformative tourism experiences in this context.Source: SUSTAINABILITY, vol. 17 (issue 2)
DOI: 10.3390/su17020452
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2025
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RAPPORTO DI PROGETTO AGGIORNAMENTO DEGLI STUDI DI MICROZONAZIONE SISMICA DI LIVELLO 3 DEI COMUNI ETNEI
ACCORDO DI COLLABORAZIONE SCIENTIFICA TRA CNR IGG E CNR IGAG NELL’AMBITO DELLE ATTIVITÀ DI SUPPORTO AL DIPARTIMENTO DI PROTEZIONE CIVILE DELLA REGIONE SICILIANA PER LA PREVENZIONE DEL RISCHIO SISMICO NELL’AMBITO DEL
PIANO REGIONALE DI MICROZONAZIONE SISMICA (EX DGR DEL 20/03/2017 N. 138) PER LA REALIZZAZIONE DI STUDI DI MICROZONAZIONE SISMICA DI CUI AL PROGRAMMA NAZIONALE DI PREVENZIONE DEL RISCHIO SISMICO (EX ART.11 LEGGE 77/2009). PROT. CNR N. 0041274 DEL 08/02/2024
Giuseppe Cosentino, Francesco Pennica, Paola Imprescia, Attilio Porchia, Giuseppe Tortorici
Il Rapporto di progetto descrive il lavoro svolto per la realizzazione della banca dati in ambienete QGIS e della cartografia tematica alla scala 1:5.000 (Carta delle Indagini, Carta geologico-tecnica, Carta delle microzone omogenee in prospettiva sismica, Carte di microzonazione sismica, Carta delle frequenze naturali dei terreni) relativa Studi di microzonazione sismica di livello 3 di n. 23 Comuni EtneiProject(s): Art. 15 della Legge 241/1990 e del D.L. 50/2016
Giuseppe Cosentino, Francesco Pennica, Paola Imprescia, Attilio Porchia, Giuseppe Tortorici
Il Rapporto di progetto descrive il lavoro svolto per la realizzazione della banca dati in ambienete QGIS e della cartografia tematica alla scala 1:5.000 (Carta delle Indagini, Carta geologico-tecnica, Carta delle microzone omogenee in prospettiva sismica, Carte di microzonazione sismica, Carta delle frequenze naturali dei terreni) relativa Studi di microzonazione sismica di livello 3 di n. 23 Comuni EtneiProject(s): Art. 15 della Legge 241/1990 e del D.L. 50/2016
2025
Contribution to book
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Integrating HBIM and Information Ontologies for Enhanced Management of Layered Archaeological Sites
De Lian Cui C., Cursi S., Fioravanti A., Simeone D., Currà E.
Accurate representation of industrial archaeological sites presents signif icant challenges due to the complexity of their historical layers and configura tions. Traditional documentation techniques such as photogrammetry and laser scan ning provide detailed geometric data but often lack the necessary semantic depth, limiting the interpretative capabilities required for effective site management, reuse and valorization activities. This paper introduces an advanced workflow that inte grates Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) with information ontolo gies, enabling the import and synchronization of semantically enriched data within a knowledge-based system. The methodological approach employs Dynamo Visual Programming Language (VPL) scripts with customized Python nodes to bridge the gap between physical data capture and meaningful information interpretation. The workflow comprises four main stages: (1) Extracting and creating parameters using structured ontologies to define Representation Templates; (2) Populating proper ties in the HBIM model; (3) Exporting to RDF enriching the knowledge base; (4) Updating the HBIM from the knowledge base. The application to the Sanctuary of Hercules and former Segrè Papermill in Tivoli demonstrates how this approach deepens the understanding of the site, thereby enhancing conservation practicesSource: DIGITAL INNOVATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION, pp. 189-199
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87224-2_16
Metrics:
De Lian Cui C., Cursi S., Fioravanti A., Simeone D., Currà E.
Accurate representation of industrial archaeological sites presents signif icant challenges due to the complexity of their historical layers and configura tions. Traditional documentation techniques such as photogrammetry and laser scan ning provide detailed geometric data but often lack the necessary semantic depth, limiting the interpretative capabilities required for effective site management, reuse and valorization activities. This paper introduces an advanced workflow that inte grates Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) with information ontolo gies, enabling the import and synchronization of semantically enriched data within a knowledge-based system. The methodological approach employs Dynamo Visual Programming Language (VPL) scripts with customized Python nodes to bridge the gap between physical data capture and meaningful information interpretation. The workflow comprises four main stages: (1) Extracting and creating parameters using structured ontologies to define Representation Templates; (2) Populating proper ties in the HBIM model; (3) Exporting to RDF enriching the knowledge base; (4) Updating the HBIM from the knowledge base. The application to the Sanctuary of Hercules and former Segrè Papermill in Tivoli demonstrates how this approach deepens the understanding of the site, thereby enhancing conservation practicesSource: DIGITAL INNOVATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION, pp. 189-199
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87224-2_16
Metrics:
2025
Journal article
Open Access
An Investigation Into the Notion of Complex Systems
Mazzocchi F.
This article investigates the concept of ‘complex systems’. While not searching for some necessary and sufficient conditions that are valid for all of them, it acknowledges that complex systems can take different shapes, mainly depending on the features of their internal organization and how they interact with their environment. It then advocates a net worked notion of complex systems that can accommodate their rich phenomenology and the various circumstances making them, focusing on two types of these systems: (i) one that is mainly characterized by the generation of stable patterns through self-reinforcing dynamics at the lower levels (Bénard convection) and (ii) a distinct one characterized by a more complex organization that makes them ‘minimally decomposable’ and show ing autonomy (living systems). The article also assumes that the complexity of a system is analyzable by focusing on two distinct yet interrelated aspects: (i) the features of the system itself and (ii) the relationship between the system and an observer. Its final part discusses how complex systems cannot be adequately represented by a single model or description and how this is another distinctive aspect of their complexity.Source: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09975-2
Metrics:
Mazzocchi F.
This article investigates the concept of ‘complex systems’. While not searching for some necessary and sufficient conditions that are valid for all of them, it acknowledges that complex systems can take different shapes, mainly depending on the features of their internal organization and how they interact with their environment. It then advocates a net worked notion of complex systems that can accommodate their rich phenomenology and the various circumstances making them, focusing on two types of these systems: (i) one that is mainly characterized by the generation of stable patterns through self-reinforcing dynamics at the lower levels (Bénard convection) and (ii) a distinct one characterized by a more complex organization that makes them ‘minimally decomposable’ and show ing autonomy (living systems). The article also assumes that the complexity of a system is analyzable by focusing on two distinct yet interrelated aspects: (i) the features of the system itself and (ii) the relationship between the system and an observer. Its final part discusses how complex systems cannot be adequately represented by a single model or description and how this is another distinctive aspect of their complexity.Source: FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09975-2
Metrics:
2025
Contribution to book
Open Access
Bridging Traditional and Digital Papyrology with Domain-Specific Languages
Del Grosso Angelo Mario, Zenzaro Simone, Boschetti Federico, Ranocchia Graziano
In this chapter, we propose a method to bridge the divide between traditional and digital papyrology by harnessing the capabilities of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs). Our approach, namely DSL-based Digital Scholarly Editing (DSL-based DSE), seeks to pave the way for harmonious integration. We believe that it is possible to bridge the gap between traditional and digital papyrology leveraging Domain Specific Languages by following the DSL-based DSE methodology. Throughout this chapter, we describe the GreekSchools project that is our testing ground for our methodology. Additionally, we offer a succinct theoretical foundation for our novel approach, elucidating the underlying principles guiding its design. Then we define DSL-based DSE and illustrate its practical implications through concrete examples, showcasing the dynamic interplay between our methodology and EpiDoc. Finally, we introduce CoPhi Editor, a collaborative and cooperative Web-based platform that implements the DSL-based DSE methodology for the GreekSchools project, but it aims to position itself among the useful tools for collaborative editing of digital scholarly editions, like SoSOL, Perseids, TextualCommunities, and others.DOI: 10.1515/9783111070162-009
Project(s): GreekSchools
Metrics:
Del Grosso Angelo Mario, Zenzaro Simone, Boschetti Federico, Ranocchia Graziano
In this chapter, we propose a method to bridge the divide between traditional and digital papyrology by harnessing the capabilities of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs). Our approach, namely DSL-based Digital Scholarly Editing (DSL-based DSE), seeks to pave the way for harmonious integration. We believe that it is possible to bridge the gap between traditional and digital papyrology leveraging Domain Specific Languages by following the DSL-based DSE methodology. Throughout this chapter, we describe the GreekSchools project that is our testing ground for our methodology. Additionally, we offer a succinct theoretical foundation for our novel approach, elucidating the underlying principles guiding its design. Then we define DSL-based DSE and illustrate its practical implications through concrete examples, showcasing the dynamic interplay between our methodology and EpiDoc. Finally, we introduce CoPhi Editor, a collaborative and cooperative Web-based platform that implements the DSL-based DSE methodology for the GreekSchools project, but it aims to position itself among the useful tools for collaborative editing of digital scholarly editions, like SoSOL, Perseids, TextualCommunities, and others.DOI: 10.1515/9783111070162-009
Project(s): GreekSchools
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | CNR IRIS | www.degruyter.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Contribution to book
Metadata Only Access
La ripresa delle ricerche alla villa del Casale di Piazza Armerina: nuovi dati e prospettive per la storia dell’insediamento “post villam”
Sfameni C., Baldini I., Barresi P., Tanasi D.
In the summer of 2022, a groundbreaking research initiative began at the Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina, under a collaborative agreement involving the Archaeological Park of Morgantina, and the Roman Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina, and the University of Bologna – CISEM (Inter- university Center for Studies on Late Antique Housing in the Mediterra- nean). This project also saw the participation of CNR-ISPC, the University of Enna “Kore,” and the University of South Florida. The endeavor focused on the villa’s western region, an area not previously subjected to thorough archaeological scrutiny, shedding new light on the site’s history from the Early Byzantine to the Arab-Norman period. Moreover, the project sought to organize and delve deeper into the existing records, re-examining data from earlier studies. The initial findings offer fresh insights into the villa’s history from the 5th to the 7th century, which will be detailed in the cur- rent presentation of the results.
Sfameni C., Baldini I., Barresi P., Tanasi D.
In the summer of 2022, a groundbreaking research initiative began at the Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina, under a collaborative agreement involving the Archaeological Park of Morgantina, and the Roman Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina, and the University of Bologna – CISEM (Inter- university Center for Studies on Late Antique Housing in the Mediterra- nean). This project also saw the participation of CNR-ISPC, the University of Enna “Kore,” and the University of South Florida. The endeavor focused on the villa’s western region, an area not previously subjected to thorough archaeological scrutiny, shedding new light on the site’s history from the Early Byzantine to the Arab-Norman period. Moreover, the project sought to organize and delve deeper into the existing records, re-examining data from earlier studies. The initial findings offer fresh insights into the villa’s history from the 5th to the 7th century, which will be detailed in the cur- rent presentation of the results.
See at:
CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
‘Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones’: automated construction and restitution procedure for engineering geology use
D'Agostino A., Porchia A., Tortorici G., Pavano F., Cavuoto G., Moscatelli M., Ortolano G., Catalano S.
This study presents an automated method for the construction and spatialization of stratigraphic columns, facilitating the creation of maps of Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones (SHZ). This approach integrates GIS tools with custom Python scripts, streamlining the manual process traditionally used in Seismic Microzonation (SM) studies according to Italian standards. Our method allows for rapid, scalable processing and provides a detailed geological model of near-surface stratigraphy, essential for land management and seismic risk assessment. We employed our scripts to automatically produce the map of SHZ in the test area of Cariati (Northern Calabria), demonstrating their effectiveness by accurately replicating and extending the manually-derived stratigraphic columns. Additionally, this procedure enhances accessibility to geological data by enabling subsurface insights through spatialized 1D stratigraphic information, while preserving the simplicity of 2D visualization. This advancement holds promise for broader applications in territorial planning and infrastructure development, supporting informed decision-making in various fields of geoscience and engineering.Source: JOURNAL OF MAPS, vol. 21 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2025.2504064
Project(s): PROGETTO PRIN 2020 MMCPER PE10 SERENA – Mapping seismic site effects at regional and national scale- approvato con Decreto Direttoriale n. 223 del 18/02/2022 del Ministero, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Segretariato Generale Direzione Generale della ricerca.
Metrics:
D'Agostino A., Porchia A., Tortorici G., Pavano F., Cavuoto G., Moscatelli M., Ortolano G., Catalano S.
This study presents an automated method for the construction and spatialization of stratigraphic columns, facilitating the creation of maps of Stratigraphically Homogeneous Zones (SHZ). This approach integrates GIS tools with custom Python scripts, streamlining the manual process traditionally used in Seismic Microzonation (SM) studies according to Italian standards. Our method allows for rapid, scalable processing and provides a detailed geological model of near-surface stratigraphy, essential for land management and seismic risk assessment. We employed our scripts to automatically produce the map of SHZ in the test area of Cariati (Northern Calabria), demonstrating their effectiveness by accurately replicating and extending the manually-derived stratigraphic columns. Additionally, this procedure enhances accessibility to geological data by enabling subsurface insights through spatialized 1D stratigraphic information, while preserving the simplicity of 2D visualization. This advancement holds promise for broader applications in territorial planning and infrastructure development, supporting informed decision-making in various fields of geoscience and engineering.Source: JOURNAL OF MAPS, vol. 21 (issue 1)
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2025.2504064
Project(s): PROGETTO PRIN 2020 MMCPER PE10 SERENA – Mapping seismic site effects at regional and national scale- approvato con Decreto Direttoriale n. 223 del 18/02/2022 del Ministero, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Segretariato Generale Direzione Generale della ricerca.
Metrics:
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Co-producing knowledge about climate change: Indigenous perspectives can be revealing
Mazzocchi F.
The article investigates the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the co-production of knowledge about climate change, in interaction with Western science. IK, grounded on long-term and local-based observation, broadens the range and depth of the information on the climate crisis. It also provides alternative (non-exploitative) views of the human-nature relationship, which are embedded in their worldviews and value systems. Insight might be gained by Indigenous ways of knowing too, which do not separate knowledge generation from ethical engagement. The article also scrutinizes the multiple challenges posed by knowledge co-production as a research strategy, outlining a number of conditions that, from a Western point of view, would be required to properly create the space of co-production.Source: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, vol. 18 (issue 1), pp. 77-82
DOI: 10.1089/env.2023.0037
Metrics:
Mazzocchi F.
The article investigates the role of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in the co-production of knowledge about climate change, in interaction with Western science. IK, grounded on long-term and local-based observation, broadens the range and depth of the information on the climate crisis. It also provides alternative (non-exploitative) views of the human-nature relationship, which are embedded in their worldviews and value systems. Insight might be gained by Indigenous ways of knowing too, which do not separate knowledge generation from ethical engagement. The article also scrutinizes the multiple challenges posed by knowledge co-production as a research strategy, outlining a number of conditions that, from a Western point of view, would be required to properly create the space of co-production.Source: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, vol. 18 (issue 1), pp. 77-82
DOI: 10.1089/env.2023.0037
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | Environmental Justice | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Metadata Only Access
Urban Sprawl Monitoring by VHR Images Using Active Contour Loss and Improved U-Net with Mix Transformer Encoders
Chicchon M., Colosi F., Malinverni E. S., León Trujillo F. J.
Monitoring the variation of urban expansion is crucial for sustainable urban planning and cultural heritage management. This paper proposes an approach for the semantic segmentation of very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery to detect the changes in urban sprawl in the surroundings of Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru. This study explores the effectiveness of combining Mix Transformer encoders with U-Net architectures to improve feature extraction and spatial context understanding in VHR satellite imagery. The integration of active contour loss functions further enhances the model's ability to delineate complex urban boundaries, addressing the challenges posed by the heterogeneous landscape surrounding the archaeological complex of Chan Chan. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves accurate semantic segmentation on images of the study area from different years. Quantitative results showed that the U-Net-scse model with an MiTB5 encoder achieved the best performance with respect to SegFormer and FT-UNet-Former, with IoU scores of 0.8288 on OpenEarthMap and 0.6743 on Chan Chan images. Qualitative analysis revealed the model's effectiveness in segmenting buildings across diverse urban and rural environments in Peru. Utilizing this approach for monitoring urban expansion over time can enable managers to make informed decisions aimed at preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable urban development.Source: REMOTE SENSING, vol. 17 (issue 9), pp. 1-22
DOI: 10.3390/rs17091593
Metrics:
Chicchon M., Colosi F., Malinverni E. S., León Trujillo F. J.
Monitoring the variation of urban expansion is crucial for sustainable urban planning and cultural heritage management. This paper proposes an approach for the semantic segmentation of very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery to detect the changes in urban sprawl in the surroundings of Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru. This study explores the effectiveness of combining Mix Transformer encoders with U-Net architectures to improve feature extraction and spatial context understanding in VHR satellite imagery. The integration of active contour loss functions further enhances the model's ability to delineate complex urban boundaries, addressing the challenges posed by the heterogeneous landscape surrounding the archaeological complex of Chan Chan. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves accurate semantic segmentation on images of the study area from different years. Quantitative results showed that the U-Net-scse model with an MiTB5 encoder achieved the best performance with respect to SegFormer and FT-UNet-Former, with IoU scores of 0.8288 on OpenEarthMap and 0.6743 on Chan Chan images. Qualitative analysis revealed the model's effectiveness in segmenting buildings across diverse urban and rural environments in Peru. Utilizing this approach for monitoring urban expansion over time can enable managers to make informed decisions aimed at preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable urban development.Source: REMOTE SENSING, vol. 17 (issue 9), pp. 1-22
DOI: 10.3390/rs17091593
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS
2025
Contribution to book
Metadata Only Access
Innovative processes for the assessment of outdoor comfort in historical liminal spaces
Calcerano Filippo, Calzolari Marta, Davoli Pietromaria, Gigliarelli Elena, Martinelli Letizia
Built heritage is facing the effects of climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need for actions to limit its negative impacts on the preservation of historical centres, while improving citizens' quality of life and environmental sustainability. The paper presents the multidisciplinary process developed through the PRIN 2017 TECH-START research (research units Unife and ISPC - CNR) to quantitatively evaluate strategies for the environmental enhancement of historic cities’ outdoor spaces.Project(s): key enabling TECHnologies and Smart environmenT in the Age of gReen economy Convergent innovations in the open space/building system for climaTe mitigation
Calcerano Filippo, Calzolari Marta, Davoli Pietromaria, Gigliarelli Elena, Martinelli Letizia
Built heritage is facing the effects of climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need for actions to limit its negative impacts on the preservation of historical centres, while improving citizens' quality of life and environmental sustainability. The paper presents the multidisciplinary process developed through the PRIN 2017 TECH-START research (research units Unife and ISPC - CNR) to quantitatively evaluate strategies for the environmental enhancement of historic cities’ outdoor spaces.Project(s): key enabling TECHnologies and Smart environmenT in the Age of gReen economy Convergent innovations in the open space/building system for climaTe mitigation
See at:
aisuinternational.org | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
The Ponte Delle Chianche on the Via Traiana in Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy): New Data for an Integrated Study
Ferrari I.
This article illustrates a systematic and updated study of the Ponte delle Chianche, a Roman bridge on the ancient Via Traiana built at the beginning of the second century AD and located near Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy). The study aimed to retrieve all information contained in literary sources and to cross-reference them with new data from research conducted in recent years. Thanks to an instrumental metric survey of the structures, both the construction techniques used and the bridge construction process were better understood, elements that were then incorporated into the development of a 3D reconstruction proposal. At the same time, a close visual analysis of the structures led to the discovery of a large number of brick stamps, also unpublished, which is important for understanding the logistical aspects of the building materials. The results obtained will be used to implement a comprehensive project for the recovery and securing of the property.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 8 (issue 11), pp. 1-28
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8010011
Metrics:
Ferrari I.
This article illustrates a systematic and updated study of the Ponte delle Chianche, a Roman bridge on the ancient Via Traiana built at the beginning of the second century AD and located near Buonalbergo (Benevento, Italy). The study aimed to retrieve all information contained in literary sources and to cross-reference them with new data from research conducted in recent years. Thanks to an instrumental metric survey of the structures, both the construction techniques used and the bridge construction process were better understood, elements that were then incorporated into the development of a 3D reconstruction proposal. At the same time, a close visual analysis of the structures led to the discovery of a large number of brick stamps, also unpublished, which is important for understanding the logistical aspects of the building materials. The results obtained will be used to implement a comprehensive project for the recovery and securing of the property.Source: HERITAGE, vol. 8 (issue 11), pp. 1-28
DOI: 10.3390/heritage8010011
Metrics:
See at:
Heritage | CNR IRIS | www.mdpi.com | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Metadata Only Access
Visual Programming Language to Support Interoperability of Geometric and Data Modelling in HBIM Processes
Martinelli Letizia, Calvano Michele, Calcerano Filippo, Gigliarelli Elena
HBIM is widely used as a management system to support documentation, conservation and enhancement of historical buildings. However, multidisciplinary activities often require the integration of different software environments to support tailored geometric alphanumeric data representation and to keep all experts within their digital tools of choice, but interoperability is still challenging. This study proposed a digital workflow, based on a Visual Programming script, to seamlessly integrate the use of CAD programs for modelling complex shapes and the use of spreadsheets for data manipulation with BIM tools, within a unified information management system, applied to historical buildings and floor constructions. It confirms the complementarity of different data modelling methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of Visual Programming in supporting the digitisation and management of built heritage.Source: SCIRES-IT, vol. 15 (issue 1), pp. 85-96
DOI: 10.2423/i22394303v15n1p85
Metrics:
Martinelli Letizia, Calvano Michele, Calcerano Filippo, Gigliarelli Elena
HBIM is widely used as a management system to support documentation, conservation and enhancement of historical buildings. However, multidisciplinary activities often require the integration of different software environments to support tailored geometric alphanumeric data representation and to keep all experts within their digital tools of choice, but interoperability is still challenging. This study proposed a digital workflow, based on a Visual Programming script, to seamlessly integrate the use of CAD programs for modelling complex shapes and the use of spreadsheets for data manipulation with BIM tools, within a unified information management system, applied to historical buildings and floor constructions. It confirms the complementarity of different data modelling methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of Visual Programming in supporting the digitisation and management of built heritage.Source: SCIRES-IT, vol. 15 (issue 1), pp. 85-96
DOI: 10.2423/i22394303v15n1p85
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.sciresit.it
2025
Journal article
Restricted
Studying ancient Egyptian copper-alloy objects via X-ray diffraction and Machine Learning
Festa G., Caliri C., Botticelli M., Fatuzzo C. G., Ferraris E., Auenmüller J., Pavone D. P., Privitera G., Scatigno C., Miliani C., Romano F. P.
The paper reports a novel approach to studying the manufacturing techniques of ancient Egyptian metal objects. The study approach was performed on 12 copper-alloy objects, the majority of which are metal vessels. They were part of the burial assemblage of the Theban Tomb (TT) 8, belonging to the ‘overseer of works at the Great Place’ Kha and his wife Merit, that was found undisturbed in 1906 in Western Thebes (Egypt). The funerary assemblage, dating to the mid-18th Dynasty (ca. 1425–1352 BCE) is currently kept at Museo Egizio, Turin (Italy). The investigation aimed to gather further information regarding the manufacturing processes and methods that were employed to produce the copper-alloy objects selected for analysis. The bronze vessels and stands are among the best and most sophisticated metal artefacts from New Kingdom Egypt in terms of their technology and preservation. Here, non-destructive and non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data is reported, and X-ray diffraction is coupled with machine learning which allows one to define specific data clusters that are compared with the overall role of the objects from a historical perspective and its macroscopic features. We identified four main groups as a function of the metalworking methods, spanning from highly homogeneous microscopic structures induced by a high thermal treatment such as annealing to extremely nonhomogeneous microscopic structures compatible with cold metalworking. This classification from a microscopic point of view is successfully integrated with a macroscopic classification by shape, demonstrating a particular processing method for each intended design type and use.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 72, pp. 48-58
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002
Project(s): Cultural heritage active innovation for next-gen sustainable society, European research infrastructure for Heritage Science, Humanities and Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud, SHINE
Metrics:
Festa G., Caliri C., Botticelli M., Fatuzzo C. G., Ferraris E., Auenmüller J., Pavone D. P., Privitera G., Scatigno C., Miliani C., Romano F. P.
The paper reports a novel approach to studying the manufacturing techniques of ancient Egyptian metal objects. The study approach was performed on 12 copper-alloy objects, the majority of which are metal vessels. They were part of the burial assemblage of the Theban Tomb (TT) 8, belonging to the ‘overseer of works at the Great Place’ Kha and his wife Merit, that was found undisturbed in 1906 in Western Thebes (Egypt). The funerary assemblage, dating to the mid-18th Dynasty (ca. 1425–1352 BCE) is currently kept at Museo Egizio, Turin (Italy). The investigation aimed to gather further information regarding the manufacturing processes and methods that were employed to produce the copper-alloy objects selected for analysis. The bronze vessels and stands are among the best and most sophisticated metal artefacts from New Kingdom Egypt in terms of their technology and preservation. Here, non-destructive and non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data is reported, and X-ray diffraction is coupled with machine learning which allows one to define specific data clusters that are compared with the overall role of the objects from a historical perspective and its macroscopic features. We identified four main groups as a function of the metalworking methods, spanning from highly homogeneous microscopic structures induced by a high thermal treatment such as annealing to extremely nonhomogeneous microscopic structures compatible with cold metalworking. This classification from a microscopic point of view is successfully integrated with a macroscopic classification by shape, demonstrating a particular processing method for each intended design type and use.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 72, pp. 48-58
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002
Project(s): Cultural heritage active innovation for next-gen sustainable society, European research infrastructure for Heritage Science, Humanities and Heritage Italian Open Science Cloud, SHINE
Metrics:
See at:
Journal of Cultural Heritage | IRIS Cnr | CNR IRIS | IRIS Cnr
2025
Journal article
Restricted
Preliminary study of the anti-corrosion performance of different protection systems applied to two World War II aluminium alloy archaeological objects with different surface finishes
Escobar Claros C., Brunet M., Robbiola L., Salvadori B., Brizzi S., Cano E., Ramirez B., Liang H., Shing Cheung C., Targowski P., Iwanicka M., Guilminot E.
This article looks at the conservation of historic aircraft from the Second World War, testing different coatings to protect their aluminium alloy structures from corrosion. Five different protective protection systems, including ParaloidTM B72, wax, DinitrolTM , Multi Matt Clear LesonalTM and carboxylates, were evaluated by being applied to artefacts from WWII aircraft wrecks, in particular a wing fragment from a Supermarine Spitfire and a propeller blade from a P38 Lightning, which presented different surface conditions. The protected objects were exposed to real-life conditions (uncontrolled indoor environment). Advanced analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the evolution and effectiveness of the protection systems. The results showed different degrees of effectiveness for different coatings. DinitrolTM and LesonalTM demonstrated the best protective properties, forming thin but effective layers that enhance corrosion resistance. Carboxylates, on the other hand, proved ineffective, while ParaloidTM B72 and wax were not very effective and unsuitable for objects with original paint residues.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 71, pp. 419-430
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.016
Project(s): IPERION HS
Metrics:
Escobar Claros C., Brunet M., Robbiola L., Salvadori B., Brizzi S., Cano E., Ramirez B., Liang H., Shing Cheung C., Targowski P., Iwanicka M., Guilminot E.
This article looks at the conservation of historic aircraft from the Second World War, testing different coatings to protect their aluminium alloy structures from corrosion. Five different protective protection systems, including ParaloidTM B72, wax, DinitrolTM , Multi Matt Clear LesonalTM and carboxylates, were evaluated by being applied to artefacts from WWII aircraft wrecks, in particular a wing fragment from a Supermarine Spitfire and a propeller blade from a P38 Lightning, which presented different surface conditions. The protected objects were exposed to real-life conditions (uncontrolled indoor environment). Advanced analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the evolution and effectiveness of the protection systems. The results showed different degrees of effectiveness for different coatings. DinitrolTM and LesonalTM demonstrated the best protective properties, forming thin but effective layers that enhance corrosion resistance. Carboxylates, on the other hand, proved ineffective, while ParaloidTM B72 and wax were not very effective and unsuitable for objects with original paint residues.Source: JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, vol. 71, pp. 419-430
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.016
Project(s): IPERION HS
Metrics:
See at:
Journal of Cultural Heritage | IRIS Cnr | CNR IRIS
2025
Journal article
Open Access
Experimental evidence of the thermally dominated effect of CW NIR laser irradiation for the restoration of darkened red lead in wall paintings
Suzuki Amelia, Osticioli Iacopo, Di Benedetto Francesco, Oberhauser Werner, Liang Haida, D'Acapito Francesco, Riminesi Cristiano
In wall paintings, the widely used red lead pigment (Pb3O4) may darken due to its transformation to black-brown plattnerite (β-PbO2). No well-established conversion methods to restore darkened red lead in wall paintings have been reported yet. Only recently, the use of Nd:YAG Continuous Wave (CW) laser irradiation has been proposed and tested on mock-ups and on a wall painting to recover darkened red lead. Although very promising, the method still needs to be fully characterized (penetration depth, stability, by-products etc.). The understanding of the main mechanisms is crucial for the identification of the best operative conditions and to assess the possible risks associated to this method. To identify the laser-induced products and their distribution in the paint layer a combination of synchrotron based (SR) micro X-ray powder diffraction mapping (μ-XRPD), Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at the Pb LIII edge, μ-Raman spectroscopy, and VIS-NIR and short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (400–2000 nm) has been used to characterize the bulk, the surface and the stratigraphy of a plattnerite wall painting mock-up treated with a CW 1064 nm laser. New compounds in the laser-induced treatment of plattnerite have been identified, representing the key evidence of a predominant thermal effect of the laser treatment. These compounds are non-stoichiometric lead oxides that are an intermediate step in the reduction process of plattnerite. A characteristic Raman spectrum of these non-stoichiometric lead oxides was identified with a main band at 419 cm−1. These compounds are found to be surprisingly stable over the 2-year observation period.Source: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 212, p. 113471
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113471
Metrics:
Suzuki Amelia, Osticioli Iacopo, Di Benedetto Francesco, Oberhauser Werner, Liang Haida, D'Acapito Francesco, Riminesi Cristiano
In wall paintings, the widely used red lead pigment (Pb3O4) may darken due to its transformation to black-brown plattnerite (β-PbO2). No well-established conversion methods to restore darkened red lead in wall paintings have been reported yet. Only recently, the use of Nd:YAG Continuous Wave (CW) laser irradiation has been proposed and tested on mock-ups and on a wall painting to recover darkened red lead. Although very promising, the method still needs to be fully characterized (penetration depth, stability, by-products etc.). The understanding of the main mechanisms is crucial for the identification of the best operative conditions and to assess the possible risks associated to this method. To identify the laser-induced products and their distribution in the paint layer a combination of synchrotron based (SR) micro X-ray powder diffraction mapping (μ-XRPD), Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at the Pb LIII edge, μ-Raman spectroscopy, and VIS-NIR and short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (400–2000 nm) has been used to characterize the bulk, the surface and the stratigraphy of a plattnerite wall painting mock-up treated with a CW 1064 nm laser. New compounds in the laser-induced treatment of plattnerite have been identified, representing the key evidence of a predominant thermal effect of the laser treatment. These compounds are non-stoichiometric lead oxides that are an intermediate step in the reduction process of plattnerite. A characteristic Raman spectrum of these non-stoichiometric lead oxides was identified with a main band at 419 cm−1. These compounds are found to be surprisingly stable over the 2-year observation period.Source: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 212, p. 113471
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.113471
Metrics:
See at:
CNR IRIS | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR IRIS | CNR IRIS